I always believed that the infection that destroyed the indigenous populations in the Western Hemisphere was smallpox. Similarly, I thought that smallpox was the most likely culprit for Galen's Antonine Plague and as well as probably many of the other plagues of Ancient Rome.
This article makes me reconsider this notion.
https://www.archaeology.org/issues/298-1805/trenches/6524-trenches-mexico-colonization-salmonella
This bacterium, relatively uncommon today, causes an extremely