Onasander

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrinus_(Roman) You could be either slave or free under that status. I'm not certain if only Romans were NOT of that status however, towns with close alliances and high autonomy might of had the same status for all I know. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius_Latinum Deals With Latin Rights. The Romans themselves split their Identities upon a civil and martial outlook, they didn't know themselves as Romans except to outsiders. I am having a massive brainfreeze on the name, I keep thinking: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinus Basically, the story as I vaguely remember it, two groups were fighting one another, one called Romans, One Called P/Q (name eludes me) as to who would be able to call the combined community as what. The Roman faction bested in the battle. So, in terms of military and foreign governance, all members of the now combined group would be called Romans, but when at home or in civil garb, walking the streets they would be known by this other name. The Romans as we know them had a dual identity. I remember researching the early cults of Rome, and early roman property law at this time, the Roman property laws had different kinds of rites and contracts, as well as legal status for italic lands over none italic lands, and traditional agrarian property (such as a donkey) vs imports or foreign property. It suggested a rift in concepts of what is foreign, and what is local, but I never could make a systemmatic, unified sense of it. An example, in Cisalpine Gaul, Roman owned farms were apparently nationalized and given to legions, except for toadies who snuggled up or cried to the emperor. It suggests Roman Status was less important if a criteria for protected land rights over say, foreign spacial designations in which Roman and Non Roman identities were lumped together to appease the legions, except when it was politically expedient to make exception. I really feel lost at times at figuring out the inner logic however, other than the Romans would just switch systems from the social wars on when it suited those in power for a quick fix. Caesar marching on Rome seems to me to be the death of this seperation of martial from the civil, where the military kept out of the City.... once the city was marched on, they ceased being citizens and became subjects. The point everyone sees as a highmark of Rome was also a tragedy, as the Romans lost their peaceful alter ego- their self respect and civil ethos, and had to live like barbarians in foreign cities under the point of a sword. I in America, especially as a veteran, feel quite comfortable with the segregation of civil and martial.... military is meant for overseas. Cops and the coastguard potentially blurs this. Justified or not (and it's not), the hysteria at Ferguson, Missouri in viewing the police force as a occupation fits the Roman outlook exactly, as the Romans tried so hard for so long to avoid. They don't share a identity with the police anymore. Heck, here I'm on the line at times,questioning if they are with us or against us. In Rome post Caesar, the armies no longer represented the people as the older draft, democratically controlled middle class army did. After a while, the distinctions completely died, and everyone became a Roman.... for better or worst. This outlook survived the fall of the west.... when Belisarius invaded Libya, he lectured his troops to be kind to the civilians as they were romans living under foreign occupation. This is a far cry from how Romans originally treated the Libyans. Even different, though not completely dissimilar, to how the US approaches populations in countries it "liberates".

I know the romans built whole ports in a hurry across the empire. Were these ports built with imperial funds, or these "speculators" as joint investors? Did periplus' evolve independent of the imperial system, or did these speculators who owned warehouses and ships intentionally publish and advertise such routes as they and their allies control them? Or does the empire alone publish them? I'm asking a scenario such as, your a statue liquidator of sorts in Spain, you have several sculptors under you, and you already hit max saturation in Spain in terms of a buyers market. It's obvious you have to expand to new markets. So you.... walk down to the port.... and do you offer to sell your statues to a ship captain? "Please buy this and sell it elsewhere please?" Is there a trading or auction house? Is a tax collector based in it? Do they have porters? Is it a monopoly, or is there competition? Is it purely a government affair? What is in Spain, you have a desire to sell in Alexandria, or Constantinople.... purely for vanity reasons. How do you arrange this? If the periplus was government backed, preferred (and easily taxed) ports of call controlled by a cartel, then it be easy, you'll just be given a table calculating route and costs associated with it, and it would bounce around depot to depot, till arrival. Or, the traders... like the sogo shosha, cpuld just mass buy all goods at port via a quality grading process, and decide where everything goes. It would under that scenario (the canal) to of been built by the traders eager for a simpler and more efficient way to get goods in fast.

Where? If we decided to start implanting cattle microchips into people, I think the passport function would be the first thing done... US Passports are already chipped. The Secretary of State owns all passports, can cancel or deny them at will, so I would guess he would have the right to probe you. Knowing my luck, my first one would be a dud, and they would have to cut me open to get it, then I'll break my second one in a fall, so they will have to insert the third somewhere awkward and embarrassing everytime I'd have to pay at the buffet. I went to a Pentecostal Church for a while as a kid.... they only preached the book of revelations, nothing but it. They went on and on about this stuff. I'd get bored during church and start flipping around in the rest of the bible... don't think they even knew it was there. Their entire religion is built around this exact, and likely justifiable (from hindsight) paranoia of being controlled by a tyrannical government falsely dressing itself up as some enlightened and advanced utopia as everything comes apart at the seams. This stupid idea of implantation would be the equivalent of me opening up a Texas Steakhouse, advertised in Sanskrit, right outside of The Palace of Gold.(giant hare khrishna temple here), or putting pagan idols of the female moon goddess Allah and her sisters in a Mosque. Some idiot things you just don't do, you know damn well people won't react very well.

http://m.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31045201 I'm Catholic, but live is a strong Protestant area, and they are remarkably tolerant here, we have alot of Muslims, Sikhs, and a whole lot of Hare Krishnans and Buddists, not to mention one of the largest hubs of Ayn Rand enthusiasts anywhere, and some communists. So when I say this, comprehend the high degree of diversity here: If this sort of stuff was attempted here, the population as a whole would rise up and decapitate the retards responsible for implementing what is a blanted reference to their end time myth regarding the rise of the anti-christ. They are all worried the forces of the anti-christ will come and implant chips in their hands or foreheads. I've head this for decades. Don't believe it much myself, for starters, with the cloud and fingerprint/retina recognition, as well as chip id cards with your image on them, who would bother? Well, I'll tell you who would, those Sub Arctic suiciders known as the Swedes. Apparently, it's a great idea in Sweden to implant microchips into the bodies, via a previously non-existent hole, into your damn body. Like your damn cattle, or a pet. I think.... eventually they will just admit that they are intentionally building their laws and institutions around purposely antagonizing Christians, protestant Christians in particular, and someone is just gonna say enough... but when they say "enough" no one is going to hear them or their piunt of view because via the twisted logic of tge swedes, anything that goes against their grand vision of repessing freedom of speech or alternative views to their made up status quo is a hate crime, and their gonna be left with no choice but to do what that crazy guy in Steven King's "The Stand" did, driving a nuke into Stockholm on a four wheeler. Honestly, I can't see how they could be consistently this backwards. Stop microchipping your employees, stop persecuting minority religions, stop ostrichizing middle easterners, stop banning free speech. It's becomming retarded up there. Someone get these people a thumbprint reader, it's retarded and intentionally antagonistic. I won't be the source of the repercussions, but I can very easily guess where it will come from. From a billion angry, scared as hell protestants convinced the end time has arrived. There is no science or socially advanced spin they can slap on this insanity, it's old tech. We got far simpler methods, as well more advanced. They are choosing to antagonize, and dehumanize. Employers, much less the government, shouldn't be allowed to start randomly penetrating your body and injecting whatever suits their fancy into you. Stop this insanity now. Just stop it. No more. Literally no reason to do this.

That's what I assumed, but other questions arise. Rome was still up-water, canal or not. Who provided the muscle? Was it mules parallel, or slaves? If slaves, was there slave quarters at either end of the canal? Were the slaves owned privately or by the state, and if by the state, did they get rented out for pulling private goods when not pulling grain or Slim Jims? If they were indeed rented out, was the grain delivery on a consistent cycle from the grain silos, to the point a port office could calculate in advance when the next empty barge to rent would be? If so, how would it be known? Was it like the auction house on Oahu, which combined commercial and transportation deals between the main island and outer islands? Like a Shogo Sosha? Or more like a Marxist central planner willing full of charts and statistics and willing to earn some external cash with it's potential untapped labor on the side? Or was it strictly for government goods? Was it still functioning in Boethius time?

The concept of Empire (lands controlled outside of the city) was Rome, but not the city itself in terms of citizenry, it started with a Q. It needs to be remembered Romevwas a conglomerate of different peopkes. We know them as Romans as that was their exterior, not civil persona. There were no Romans in the Roman Senate, as Romans didn't wear Togas.

Last book I tried translating was a bust no fault of my own, my friend and I tackled a 19th century latin critical edition "edited" by Woefflin, "The Triffles of Philosophy" only to discover he copied and pasted like, at least three works randomly together from different eras, some of which wasn't any older than the 11th century AD, and claimed it was a original ancient work. And to boot, he couldn't even complete some of the sentences, he'd start them, and they would stop mid way.... I had to track down chunks of text his "critical edition" missed (and he got medals from the Kaiser for this stuff). So we were pissed to say the least. I'm fascinated right now with what I can find on Psuedo-Andronicus "Peri Pethon", On Emotions. I can't find any translations except for a 1977 French Edition, which seems unavailable. I don't know French, but my experience says to have it on hand. Can anyone see either the greek, latin, or french anywhere? I've been searching, and nothing. I got this possible name for a latin title: De Anima Affectionibus Just.... I am not certain if it is in reference to Aristotle's De Anima. I'm more interested in the neurological parallels in terms of cognition than just taking a stroll down history. Just, internet seems empty. I'd prefer Greek, and am hoping someone finds the french edition for sale. I have access to a hugh greek orthodox population here, just they are elderly and can't google. It's frustrating. I'd take it even if it was written in Tibetan. It's not a love of language but of knowledge.

Mountain trails suck in both winter and spring. Your traveler is gonna get hypothermia and trenchfoot. I've gotten both. In the warmer weather, candidia breakouts (monkey butt/heat rash). They will also ponder drinking something objectionable if they can't judge the distance to the next spring/creek/lake/river. They will feel like musty mildewed wet cothing, cause they are,and their dirty hair will drip on their faces, and dirt n sweat will hit their lips from it. As they walk, smelly wet cats will meow from under the exposed roots of Teresa's they walk. The mud from the road will get in their shoes, they will slip on some crusty ice getting their side wet, and possibly tumble off the road into the thickets. They can try to unsuccessfully find shelter under a tree, only to find trees suck as roofs, and the raindrops continue to drop from them long after it's stopped raining elsewhere while you sleep. The biggest raindrops of course will hit your face as you sleep. You can try to cover your face up, but it will press up against your face like it's suffocating you. Spring and poking in the rain is wonderful, but what is best is pooping in humid heat with no water whatsoever to clean yourself with.... like Other said, monkey butt. I can provide you with more details if you desire.... a gripping tale of travel that will keep your readers disturbed, horrified, and spell bound. You'll win a Nobel Prize for Literature.

I copied most of the old maps in the maps room of the library of congress back in jan 2008, I recall one with a chinese ship, but I remember africa being the focus of my attention. I was stationed in Anchorage, Alaska at the time, so would of noticed alaska popping up. This being said, being set off with one ship, as a foreign captain, with a foreign crew.... to visit a japanese godess at the bottom of the eastern sea.... yeah. I think someone didn't like Marco Polo if true, and he likely shocked the hell out of everyone when he successfully returned with proof. What proof you can get from Alaska that you can't find in say, the Kamchatka Peninsula, is beyond me.... it looks exactly like Alaska to me. Same trees, salmon in the river, similar inhabitants.

First route, if not doing the sea, you hug the shore, using the south road if by foot. Http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durres Under Roman rule, Dyrrachium prospered; it became the western end of the Via Egnatia, the great Roman road that led to Thessalonica and on to Constantinople. Another lesser road led south to the city of Buthrotum, the modern Butrint. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butrint From here on out, you choose the cities. I strongly recommend your traveler goes via the green area along the ocean where the shore is, it means water. No more than a 30 mile gap between cities if by foot. That's my rule, I have experience walking very long distances. A sudden increase in elevation along a high trail will make the travel laughable, it takes much longer. You don't feel weaker, just burn out faster, and when you linger, it's longer, and the cold in the morning is more noticeable, even though your suntanned and burnt from the plains below where you made awesome time. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ancient_Epirus Second route, via land.... you go north: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr I'm assuming there is a pilgramage route from that city to Pelion anf Lychnidos. Notice there is water most of the way, and choices on which way around the mountains once there, and a city in close proximity on the otherside. Remember.... 30 miles top, 40 miles can kill you without water.... ypu move slower. I had wanted to take a mountain pass that had water just outside that range, but at a higher elevation than I had yet experienced, so decided not too (pissed me off). http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ohrid This river looks approachable. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritsa I would just take a established road, but if you really gotta go off the mainroute (pedestrians gotta take back roads, not highways) water + communities within 30 miles = backroads..... always. Just, you gonna see alot of goats, and some deadends, and scabbed knees, and bears. I strongly recommend the main route. It sucked to kive in the early dark ages, if GPS existed back then, everything would be rerouted to the sea, if even that.

Wait, a canal parallel? Why would someone do that? Tiber isn't that long. I know here in West Virginia, during the colonial and 19th Century, many creeks had mule trails parallel to them, they were used for pulling boats up creek. It's the only reason I would personally tolerate something as silly as a parallel canal if emperor, to ensure fast and profitable transport of grain or other goods to the city in large quantities. But still, even then, from the sea, it's a single days walk. Where exactly (what port) does this canal let off into? Are there granaries at it's opening?

http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/giant-ancient-roman-water-basin-uncovered-141204.htm So, it was a farm on the outskirts of the then city of Rome? I don't know the metro lines in relation to classical geography.

I googled paper mache masks... I can't give a reliable answer, too much variability. I figure papyrus comes in leafs, and that it's fibers make it unsuited to me molded directly to the face like a roman death mask.... If I was making one myself, found a old book or pamphlet, tearing up a few pages, I'd want it a few pages thick at least on each side of my face. One layer would be a joke (but undoubtedly done often) to paint on and put on a face with an expectation that it would last. Issue is, the painted portion has text beneath it. If it is a important text like this, you would want experts, such as that bible museum in Washington DC could afford, to figure it out. Likewise if the person went crazy between each page with glue. I don't know how professional or standardize the mortuary field was for the common man in egypt was, so this may be up to considerable variation. Another issue is, we're dealing with waste paper. We might get rough drafts or scribal school horrors (F- material) that we'll mistake for the originals or desired product. A text the obviously ended up in the hands of a pagan so short after it was written likely wasn't valued very much by it's owner, we're talking first or second generation drafts here of the gosple. I'm guessing that the early communal christians didn't think that much of preserving this particular piece. I mean, honestly, how many could they of actually of produced by then? A few dozen max? I think it likely was asub-quality copy chucked out. But I'd like to have everyone see it too as well.

http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/syrian-child-beaten-by-burger-king-manager-in-istanbul-for-eating-customers-leftovers.aspx?pageID=517&nID=77345&NewsCatID=341 Burger King is a Canadian Corporation, and it's brand name is now associated with a sickening, malicious beatings of a starving child, a Syrian refugee, to the point where the child was bleeding... because the child ate someone's leftover fries. The company Burger King leases it's brand and culture to TAB in Turkey, said it was sufficient to merely fire the manager! F*k the kid, just the firing. I think Burger King in Canada should be doing a hell of a lot more, they have a ethical obligation here as they derive profits from this, it's their recipe, and dammit, they know their salty, fattening fries are so damn delicious to child refugees. I'm starting a boycott of Burger King until it resolves this matter. Even if you lost contact with the beaten to a pulp child, you know he's a syrian refugee in Istanbul... you are a food company, they are hungry, work something out, and be more responsive in the future, and write better immoral action clauses and fines in your licencing to foreign countries in the future. No child should ever be beaten and then left in a pool of their own blood for trying to eat a freaken french fry you idiots! Merely firing the manager or pointing at TAB isn't enough.

Okay, I've looked it up: http://m.wikihow.com/Remove-Epoxy Epoxy responds to heat, and turns liquid. So.... I'm assuming Gold (if it is actual solid gold) melts at a much higher temperature.... Take some old fashion metallic dental picks, and a dexterous, experienced paleontologists, and heat the picks in boiling water, and gently scrap it. Take all the time you need. It will eventually melt off. You just gotta make sure the melting point for any part once contact is eventually made with the mask itself has a higher melting point. If not, just grind it really, really fine as close to the breaks as possible.... or at least till no one notices it anymore. Then duct tape the sucker back on.

Stupid yes, but umm... that's hardly irreversible. Magnifying Glass, tweezers, and dental picks. As to the scratching, most people won't see it, and it's going to need an inevitable pwriodic touchup, we expect this artifact to be around, well.... forever. Alot more damage will come to it over 500,000 years, no matter how fancy our future tech gets. I'm just astounded it could break off. Solid metal gold doesn't do this. It's as if the beard was cast separate and welded on after, and that gave in... or it's largely rotted wood inside with gold added over.... this gives us a chance to look at some of it's insides. Clearly shoddy construction, not a single uniform pure gold mask. Gold just doesn't snap like that.

Because, he didn't have to contend with a second emperor. All those emperors had at least one, if not two, emperors lurking around. Honestly, we're trying to solve the mystery of a two shade classification system from a mousepad dating to the 90s more likely than not, and it's a incomplete list. I honestly think the artist just modified a older, larger work of his for a quick buck and didn't care to reshade it. He might not of even of finished said work, not fully realizing the ligic of it. Would the emperors later on be shhaded silver if there was both a eastern and western emperor? Perhaps, but did this guy get that far in thinking it out, unlikely. Hence why it's not a famous well known image on forums. Thrax overlapped each of their reigns. He was a douchebag. Thrax the Douche.

I'm guessing the same as other libraries, alot of greek and latin texts on history, philosophy, and tracts on the arts and sciences, sometimes encyclopedic in scope. Some plays for local actors and slaves. And smut. Lots and lots of perverted smut. I'm not joking. We're gonna blush.

They all had largely worthless reigns. Thrax killed Severus Alexander, who was a legitimate claimant to a long serving dynasty (I'm opposed to tyranny, but am aware of the advantages of a stable, educated dynasty.) His death marked the start of the First Pagan Revolt, and the decline of the city, and the rise of serfdom. The other emperors you mentioned tried to knock Thrax off. Gordianus III didn't have to deal with the mess. I notice, besides not being able to read any names on your pic, you have less emperors than there was claimants. I wouldn't read too much into this, he likely had higher ambitions and just occurred to him one day he could modify a larger work of his, poster size, into a mouse pad and make a few quick bucks. That revolt by Thrax was the beginning of the end for the west. It was the first pagan revolt (spurned on by Thrax's thick headed prejudices). Had Christianity been adopted then, instead of a more militant Constantine, it likely would of been state recognized and much more pluralistic in it's tolerance, as it would of been one sect among many. The second pagan revolt brought down the empire in the west, the pagan landowners in the west were throwing hissy fits, caused the legions to push west to pacify it, tripped up Rome's military balance at the wrong time, they never really recovered, and the decline was much sharper and longer lasting than when Severus was assassinated.

http://m.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30888767 This technique, usuing X-rays to scan the texts, is obviously expensive, and currently only works with curved letters, not straight vertical or horizontal strokes. The masks mentioned in the first post are largely unimportant commoners masks, which we'll be unlikely to run out of supply of anytime soon..... they have several million graves in egypt outside of giza. But the wealth of knowledge.... hidden inside, priceless.

Yes,that is Sarcasm, mocking the Julian Dynasty's Deification process. But when it was said, just who was being mocked? Julians were dead. Was he mocking the people? Was it anyone alive? Or did the sarcasm operate on another mechanism? A few Roman Emperors were not that concern about their cults while alive, I think in particular I recall Trajan playing down his own cult while emphasizing the sacred aspect of the land/statues of previous emperors, which has that split mechanism that I identified earlier that would make it comedic if it wasn't so odd or perplexing. It becomes Ironic in say, the deification of Alexander Severus, first Christian Emperor. At that point, the process was clearly mechanical and required no actual investigation into the merits. However, absolutely not sarcastic. No one apparently prior to me took.a sarcastic approach to it, as I used it in a larger Rhetorical program (why Constantine is a saint while Alexander actually was first and was martyred).

http://m.newser.com/story/201450/oldest-known-gospel-found-in-mummy-mask.html Not only do we get newer, and easier to date texts using this method, which is admittedly rather harmless (take a picture of the papyrus mask first, 3D) but it upsets the anal curmudgeon who has a horribly misplaced sense of righteousness. Clearly recovering the texts is more important than letting a mask degrade and mold in a university storage room. So it's a win-win, bring it on, we want more! And a christologist, especially one with a background in translation, is obviously qualified to translate a biblical text, as long as he follows a clear and established methodology and is peer review. It's not rocket science.

John Haiman writes: "There is an extremely close connection between sarcasm and irony, and literary theorists in particular often treat sarcasm as simply the crudest and least interesting form of irony." Also, he adds: First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.[9] http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcasm I'm not getting this, they seem to want to make Sarcasm as a subordinate category of Irony (All Sarcasm is Irony but not all Irony is Sarcasm), but give it a expressive component, which enlarges it outside of the scope of Irony, for Irony can be just subjective in perceiving, without need for a external, expressive component. They've gone and added a social-emotional component, declaring it as it's crudest (root/base/origin) state, but "higher" levels of irony can be totally void of this interpersonal orientation. This would suggest to me Irony and Sarcasm aren't automatically dependent, one upon the other, but are rather pluralistic options a individual has in reacting emotionally to stimuli. For example, everyone jumping out yelling surprise to you on a day, unknown to them, is NOT your birthday can be responded to, but your more likely to be startled and inhibited, and confounded too. From a third person perspective, we know the situation is ironic, but neither the startled person nor the party knows it's ironic yet, as the necessary computations has yet to be made yet. Yet, once the calculations are made, the initial steps in the reaction can be considered ironic..... the surprise and inhibition of the "birthday boy" trying to figure it out. That is A ROOT of Irony, not Irony. Notice no Sarcasm occurred. A necessary hurdle both have to take before being properly sarcasm or irony is a asymmetrical juxtaposition of Value A for Value B that effects a sense of self. Both Irony and Sarcasm can occur minus a second party "interpersonally", take in antiquity the reading of animal entrails or lightening.... if it's based on.a systematic logic, the logic can be stretched with the right question and reply couplets. To a modern observer, a individual could achieve a sarcastic or ironic reading by seeming accident all by their lonesome if they believe the Gods really are sending messages and the message came back screwy.

find a species of that description. Likewise, I found a rocks, but then again, very slim google pickings to begin

Wrong thread.