Segestan

Capitalism......in it's modern form at leaset, can be said to be a Roman system. Capitalism was the means of securing the formation of the early Republic and was the reason for the Fall of that Republic, once that system of fair distribution was reduced to the view over the whole citizenry.Difficult to balance a system of fair play. Christianity is certainly a great movement of idealism, that was given a huge boost by some of the Roman leadership , but this ideology had it's roots not in Rome. The Papacy has put it's seat in Rome since Peter , and has held a great place in the ideas of morality to man but this faith is an almagamation. I think it could be reasonably said: Rome brought civilization to a warring world , did this better than most, though often by the sword not through it's means of civilization building, even though these skills were great. The Roman Empire was truly, in it's day, the Glory, the shinning star, so to speak, of an advancing human race. I Vote for All of the Above. regards,

Well my view: The Super natural , those acts that had dominated human affairs in those times, those events were Not so uncommon in those days, that those who claimed a direct path to the ' Gods' was simply dismissed. It was expected that some would be agents of Human destiny...aka.. Sybil , Augur etc... Everything, in the material world, of finite construction, whether it be a man, a beast , a tree or a rock ,was thought , by the ancients, to be in possession of a soul. No place on earth was void of the spirit world. Man lived his life within the spirit realm. Those who had gained a genuine knowledge of events to come as of a Prophecy; some most likely had a predestination written in the Book of Life , that is the collective human drama, included a personal place for them that was very public. . Some where chosen randomly by the spirit world to represent destiny or prophecy, to aid in the workings of the human adventure.. Angels , the agents of Goodwill, came into the finite world and randomly seeked out willing agents of human destiny. Many angels entered as children themselves, though ages old, they often distributed their Goodwill acts to others as they are still children also. A Destiny , as a gift , is most often attained in the early years. A child to child conversation is often the most common form of predestination planning. The young only speak from the heart. As for persons who spoke of knowledge of worldly events , these persons were . unlike today, judged by their fellows with a sense of expectation. Some Roman Emperors after becoming inflicted , suffering terrible diseases, due to thier persecutions tried to appease God for mercy , only to find it to late. The fall of the Pagan and the rise of the Christian was no accident in the acts of the Gods. Destiny of self and others is the Soul purpose of the collective human drama. regards,

<<<Chrisitianity become so popular? What made it rise?>>> The worlds expectation of a Messiah was long fortold by all the prophets. The Doctrine was Salvation , the proof was Christ deeds of humanity to man. Thus over a short historical timeline millions of persons from all nations regardless of racial or national origin grew the Church to such a power that even the Emperors after much refusal and persecutions of those who called themselves Christian gave the Seal of Empire to Christ's Church. The story is a simple one; Millions and millions found the Doctrines of Christ worthy of personal conviction. regards,

Marcellus it would seem was governor of Sicily; it is said the Sicilian deputies said they "would rather be swallowed up in Etna than have Marcellus a second time to rule over them". He also served during the spanish War, he and Mummius were with no more success Calpurnius Piso who was or the routed A.Fulvius Nobilior , with the loss of 6000 men, and who saw his Army destroyed at Numantia. These men were famous for extracting huge tributes with the blood of those they governed. regards,

Ibid " Titus" 10 " Feeling that his end was approaching , he opened the curtains of his litter on his way to the Cutilian Springs, and looking wistfully into the Heavens , pathetically exclaimed that he did not deserve to die, for, with one exception, there was none of his acts that needed to be repented of" Natural Causes.

The Fall of the Greek Empire was the doings of Mohammed II; following the advice of his father , determined to reduce Constantinople . An Army of 260,000 men, aided by a fleet of 300 sail, appeared before the imperial city, which was besieged for the twenty-ninth time since its foundation. After two months the Greek empire was terminated by the fall of the Capital, and its subjects were scattered as slaves over the Ottoman empire. In 1448 , the throne was occupied for the last time by one of its native sovereigns , Constantine Paleologus. The emperor , having in vain implored the assistance of the Latin Princes of Europe , was left with only 7000 or 8000 men to contend against a victorious rival at the head of an Army of 260000 men. Fourteen batteries, mounting guns of enormous calibre, poured destruction of fire , night and day, against the ancient walls. The Christians of Constantinople spent the whole night of May 28th to prayer while the besieging camp was already filled with the shouts of Victory. At day break , the city was violently attacked on all sides; the valour of the Christians long rendered the event doubtful , and the fortune of that day might have been different , but for the retreat of Justiniani, the Genoses commander and his auxiliaries. Various means were used to recall to the deserted city those inhabitants who had fled , but it was long before they returned in any considerable number, although perfect toleration of their religion was granted. Being now master of the metropolis , the sultan claimed the island of Rhodes, occupied by the Knights of Saint John. The demand by the Sultan for tribute was haughtily rejected; and important affairs soon called his attention to another quarter. Pope Calixtus III , was laboring to unite the selfish and impolitic princes of the West in an offensive treaty against the Ottomans. Mohammed II , unwilling to be surprised, marched to lay siege to Belgrade, at the head of 150,000 men , while 200 small vessels blockaded it on the side of the Danube, 1456. Here the Sultan was less fortunate than he had been at Constantinople; for he was defeated by Huniades, who happily perished in the very hour of triumph. But this check to his arms only turned them in another direction; and the Ducy of athens , possessed since 1364 by the Florentine House of Acciaiuoli was destroyed , as was the independence of Trebizond, Servia, and Bosnia, not long afterwards.The Venetians alone made any important resistance after the reduction of Albania, and their devastating incursions on the seacoasts of Greece gave rise to the solemn vow of Mohammed II ; offered up in all the Mosques in his dominions , pledging himselfand his subjects to the entire extirpation of Christianity, 1469. The very next year , in fact, a powerful Turkish fleet , the largest armaments that had appeared in those seas since the time of Xerxes, attacked the island of Negropont , and massacred all the inhabitants of its capital. read; Hallmans Middle Ages. regards,

Justinian named Tiberious after having associated him for four years , he Justianian , then peacfully expired. "Constantinople saw in Tiberious another Trajan. While he was engaged in repelling the Avars in Dacia , his generals gained over the Persians the victories of Melitene and Constantine. Maurice was rewarded with the hand of the daughter of tiberious, and shortly after ascended the throne of his father-in-law , who on his death bed had selected him as worthiest of its honours and duties , 582.Maurice , less fortunate as emperor than as general, was unable to maintain his Persian conquests. The satrap Varanes ( Bahram) , after having conquered the Turks ( the Roman Ally) , was penetrating into Asia Minor , when he was defeated by the Grecian Forces"

Julian was subtilized by the New Platonic School. His gravest act towards the established Christian Institutions was the Law of 362 , which he was clearly only an front of it's bidding agents, was the forbidding Christians to teach the faculties of rhetoric and belleslettres. In his attempt to show thw World that the Christian prophecies to be false; he in the year 362 , desirous of proving the fallacy of those prophecies , he determined to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem; the " horrible balls of fire breaking out near the foundations , rendered the place inaccessible to the scorched and blasted workmen". His chief political concerns were the punishment of informers., who had been the scourge of the previous reign , and reforming the abuses of the court , in which were to be seen thousands of the most useless menials. He was thus enabled to at once reduce the taxes by a full one-fifth, and to indulge in greater magnificence in the state ceremonials. Superstitious to excess , he sacrificed on every occasion, and performed with scruulous anxiety the functions of sovereign pontiff. regards,

Don't you know? No one speaks the truths about Islam without the underground Western pods coming to the rescue.

Julian surnamed the Apostate ;because he disavowed Christianity, was only 30 years old when taking the purple. He died in Persia while trying to preserve the provinces established by Diocletian , this at the ripe old age of 32, his short rein being only 18 months.... Just how much of this Anti-Julian rectoric can be true ? Very Little!. He was in fact very tolerant of other faiths , including Christianity and helped reduce taxes throughout the Empire by removing the many worthless administrators who had bought thier position and abused that power through the Christian domination of policies.. Constantine had placed the priesthood in all elements ofg Government . Not all who followed after christ were his moral representatives to say the least. regards,

Rather than individual replys: I

I have to disagree with Attempting to blame the Christians for the burning of Rome without historical merit. The burning assumption of the Library of Alexandria having burned by a bishop of the faith, by whomever or reading things into documents that need not apply, is also without historical merit. Like so much Western History that has been white-washed over the centuries , The library was destroyed during the Reduction of Egypt , AD 638-640 by the invaders.. Amrou the Mussulman Commander of the Invading Islamist , having fought in the Syrian Campaign , now boldly , at the command of 4,000 Arabs , took Pelusium and Memphis. The siege lasted seven months with the city falling by assault; and it

An overview of Rome from 578 -509 BC according to

The World as We know it would need to be totally destroyed if the World is to enter a New Dark Age. The human drama cannot co-exist with the knowledge that the present advances in tools and ideas if those things of the material experience are to become archeologist finds. The archeologist of 4006 will find few clues. Either the World advances or begins a New Age Not a Dark one. regards,

Yes: A No emperor system for Rome would have been the result of fair statesmanship and a citizenship who sent good representation because of those fair statesmen. Caesar was the direct result of the capitalist having taken the republic to be a private enterprise. regards,

Christianity was hardly the cause of Romes Fall. The faith in the Message and Messenger of Jesus Christ was Not due to a clever ploy but rather Life in general for the average human being in 7 BC was very harsh to say the least. War was the expectation of all men. Service to ones Master private or state. The followers of the Messenger of Peace were hung dppied in flammable fuel placed on crosses to burn throughout Rome as Night lights. They dwelt in cold wet catacombs lived like rats just because they wanted the rights of self-determination.Do you really think Rome the largest Empire the World had ever known fell due to persons having faith in all the ideas of human goodness? Rome fell because the barbarians came from within and from all fronts to wage war on morality. Islam was founded by a false prophet one who worded a doctrine as a doctrine of war. The wording is powerful to the average human being seeking a sense of righteousness but the result is conquest and war. The Right to plunder and rapine those who do not subscribe to it's doctrine. Islam and Christianity has only one common theme that is they are both subscribed to by the human mind. Fallible and gullable. The Modern Day issues of Islam are no less dangerous than those of the Crusades. There is No common thread that can bridge the divide between Christ and Mohammad. Christ preached Humanity to Man ,Mohammad was simply compiled the Doctrines of Hebrew , Christianity and added his own brand of Law. Christ did Not write his doctrine of peace on earth others who saw his lifes godlike deeds did. Jesus never went on a campaign of war and conquest Mohammad did. It is simply an error to place Christianity as was Christ Message with the Doctrine that was Mohammads. regards,

It would Not be at all surprising if Alexander were assassinated. Philip II was an adopted son of the Macedonian King Amyntas II ; one of Three adopted son's the other two being Alexander and Perdikkas. His blood son was Ptolemy. After the death of Amyntas II the three adopted son's and thier supporters , claimed a right to the Throne over Ptolemy. Alexander took the throne and was murdered , Ptolemy then reclaimed the throne , ruled as King of Macedon 364-360 BC, after his death Perdikkas took power was murdered then Philip II was proclaimed King. Philip II was raised in Thebes as a Pythagorean. Philip II and his son Alexander the Great were Not Blood Royalty of the House of Macedon Kings but it would seem where in an Alliance with the Hellenic Leagues to use the power of the kingdom for the gain of Athens interests against Persia. King Amyntas II had ruled Macedon under the heal of Persia as a tribute paying kingdom. It was the Hellens who by defeating the persians at Salamis had regained Macedon it's independence. Athens took full advantage of this new power over the Kingdom of Macedon and installed in the Royal House heirs to the Throne who were Greek not Macedonian. Greek means son of Hercules. Alexander always claimed his rights by that virtue. The murder of an usuper of the throne using that seat of power for the gain of a foreign power could have been the reason of his untimely death?. Considering that Ptolemy in his attempts to regain the throne, his rightful place on it , even used the Gauls in an Alliance to wage war and attack the Macedon of the Greek usupers of Antigonus Gonatas and Demetrius. Rebel pirates and thier leages of supporters who used the power of the sword to rob and pilage others are not long lasting Kings. It was therefore, No surprise that the young Ptolemy I Soter , Soter meaning Savior, as general of Alexander the Great, would take his own Kingdom out of Egypt and would see there Macedonian rulers in the Royal House of Egypt which did from their attempt for centuries the regaining of Macedon against Greek interests. regards,

The Carthaginians were indebted to the Tyrians , not only for their origin , but for thier manners , language , customs, laws, religion, and their great application to commerce. They spoke the same language with the Tyrians, and these the same language with the Canaanites and Israelites; that is , the Hebrew tongue, or at least a language , which was entirely derived from it. Their names had commonly some particular meaning: Thus Hanno signified -Gracious, bountiful ; Dido - amiable, or well-beloved; Sophonisba- one who keepsfaithfully her husbands secrets. From the spirit of religion they likewise joined the name of God to their own , conformably to the genius--that is the Daemon- of the Hebrews. They also used the term 'Poeni Hoplite 'because they originated from phoenicia. regards,

Moloch was a phoenician God, whose statue and Temple were in the Valley of Hinnom, at the foot of Mount Sion. The place derived its name Tophet from the musical instrument -tuph- used to drown the cries of the children who were sacrificed. Hence also the names of Tophet, Gehinnom, or Ge-henna, given to the place of eternal torments. " Moloch , horrid King, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice , and parents tears; Though for the noise of drums and timbels loud Their children's cries unheard , that passed through fire, To his grim idol" The High Places mentioned above were those which Abraham , Isaac , and Jacob had sacrificed to the True God, and for which the people always preserved great respect. Here they presisted in offering sacrifices in spite of the prohibition which confined such religious service to the temple alone. It was the worship of Moloch-Baal that became the religion of many cultures the most famous was in Carthage. Carthage was a culture founded on Judaic principals they spoke hebrew. regards,

Saturn is the Jewish sects God Moloch. The god of sacrifices. The God whose Temple is Mount Zion. regards,

It would seem that the treasures are somewhere at the bottom of the sea route from Rome to Carthage. The vessal holding the treasures of Rome foundered on it's passage. Or possibly that story is fabricated that the treasures of the imperial Palace where buried with Genseric on his death in 477 AD ? For example: Attila was buried in a plain in a coffin enclosede in One of Gold , Another of Silver , and a third of Iron. With his body was interred an immense amount of booty, and that the spot might be forever unknown , all of those who had assisted at the buriel were deprived of life. The Goths acted nearly in a similar manner on the death of Alaric in 410. They turned aside a small river in Catabria , and buried Alaric in a grave formed in the midst of the channel. After restoring the stream to it's original course , they put to death all those who had been concerned in the formation of so singular a place of Sepulture. 'Whites History of the World 1813' regards,

The Throne of Macedon , after Alexander's death was in confusion. All of the real power was in the hands of the generals. These men only knew war as a means to an end. The Hellenic city-states were very much influential in Asia Minor. The Macedonian conquest of the East was in part, for the re-establishment of that Hellenic rule in Asia Minor. The new Kings of Macedonian Rule were Not all Macedonian but rather in power in Macedon with Athenian and Spartan Aid. Antipater and Gonatas being some of those who seeked outside influence in their struggle for the Royal Throne. But the Real reasons for All Kings of Hellenism to have an interest in the political doings of the City-States was Taxation over an superior economic region. Gold and Taxation was always the prime motive of all Kings. Remember these Kings conquered with their Trains following. They had huge amounts of employed persons , family and wives in their trains at all times. Battles were often fought over another Kings wealthy train. The ancient world was really Big business as war machines. War was State Policy. Taxation and war were the tools of all Kings. Greece was Not the center of political desire as much as it was a necessary source of manpower and taxation. Also Greece was an historic foe of Macedon whose political elite of Athen , often would aid the Galatian and Persian barbarians against the Royal House. Remember that the Hellenic City States had many wealthy pirates who worked very effectively against the Organized Government to the north. Macedonia was really a geo-political power held together by the few family members who comprised the Royal House. I would tend to disagree that what is modern Greece was sought after by all of alexanders Generals just over an cultural foundation. They already held power in their regions as the Diadochi , and the only real concerns where each other and the ability of taxation and plunder.Plunder and conquest were a natural part of the ancient world. It was savage were ever government and culturtal learning were absent. An example of the true nature of Kingdoms was the Amazons. Amazon meaning One breasted. The amazonian females would cut of one breast so that they might use a sword in one hand effectively and fed their young with the other. A very tough world it was. regards,

Ancient Hellenic languages do need a good source material. This book reads like a superior work on the confusing facts. Do you know the cost? regards,

Thanks for that info. This and other Great historical discoveries throughout Macedonia, and the world should be preserved for all ages. It's a real historical shame that the Macedonian culture, one of the oldest most ancient of all cultures in the world has been the subject of so much political and historical piracy. regards,

Alexander made those plans at Babylon after his return from Patala, marched through the country of the Oritae, the capital which was called Ora or Rhambacis. Here he was in much need of provisions , that he lost a great number of soldiers, and brought back from India just over a fourth of his army, which consisted of 120,000 foot and 15000 horse. Sickness , bad food, and excessive heat , had swept them away in great numbers; but the havoc among the troops in this barren land , which was neither ploughed nor sowed ; it's inhabitants being savages, who fared very hard , and led a most uncomfortable life. After they had eaten all the Palm tree roots that could be met with, they were obliged to feed upon the beast of burden, and next upon their war-horses; and when they had no beast left to carry the baggage , they were forced to burn those rich spoils of conquests, for the sake of which the Macedonians had run to the extremities of the earth. The plague, the usual attendant upon famine, completed the calamity of the soldiers, and destroyed great numbers of them. The successful voyage of his Naval commander Nearchus from the mouth of the Indus into the Persian Gulf lead Alexander to plan for a Sea voyage conquest. He proposed no less than to sail from the Persian Gulf , round Arabia and Africa , and to return into the straits of Gibraltar , called at the time Hercules Pillars; a voyage which had been several times attempted , and once performed , by order of a King of Egypt , called Necho. It was afterwards his design, when he should have humbled the pride of Carthage, against which he was greatly angry, to cross into Spain, called by the Greeks Iberia, from the river Iberus; he next was to go over the Alps , and coast along Italy, where he would have but a short passage into Epirus, and from thence into Macedonia. For this purpose , he sent orders to his viceroys of Mesopotamia and syria , to build in several parts of the euphrates , and particularly at Thapsacus, ships sufficent for that enterprise; and he had felled , on Mount Libanus, a great number of trees, which were to be carried into Thapsacus. This project as well many others was halted by his death. Yes ; Macedonia would have defeated Carthage and Rome. The armies of Carthage and Rome were at that time no match for Alexander and his battle hardened Army. The amount of Gold Alexander would have had at his disposal would have fielded huge armies. It was a known fact that Rome was growing in power that at some point a conflict would result between the Kingdom and the Republic. You should remember that Alexander was a warrior; whose only purpose in life was to see the world bow to his will. He was a conqueror and a Prince who lived for the Will of the Gods. The Gods demanded the world be subjected to his conquering will. That was how his saw his role in life. A king who was to rule over the earth. Rome would have fallen like all the rest. The world would have changed ; but for the better or worse ? Depends on who would have been the great Diadochi. regards,