gilius

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I'm looking for a good book on Roman Egypt that at least mentions the following: *What happened at Luxor Temple and the West Bank. *The Roman frontier (at Aswan?) *Roman forts, including the foundation of Cairo (Babylon) *Trade with India Does such a book exist? If so, please can you suggest one?

In the last 30 years, have any places been newly identified to their Latin name in the Ravenna Cosmography or Antonine Itineraries perhaps by a newly discovered inscription, etc.?

Rochester is only slightly smaller than Caistor! Here is roughly the site where they found the Roman bastion in 2008. Photo of the NW Roman bastion. This is how the Roman brickwork looks like from excavations. Hmmm...? Some info....

Thanks for sharing your interpretations! Unfortunately, there is no book for Roman Rochester, but I can tell you what there is out there on the subject (not much besides a leaflet). In 2008 archaeologists uncovered a Roman bastion in the northwest part of the city wall, and as far as I'm aware that was the last excavation and it was meant to appear in the following year's Archaeoligia Cantiana, but so far no mention of it has appeared anywhere: 2008 Britannia 2008 Archaeoligia Cantiana 2009 Britannia 2009 Archaeoligia Cantiana 2010 Britannia 2010 Archaeoligia Cantiana The web Nothing! During the same year they also found part of the wall near the castle keep, and this has been reported in an issue of Fortified England (available online in PDF albeit very brief with no photos). There was also a BBC news article, but the 2-3 pics were very tiny.

For me one of the biggest mysteries of Roman Britain is whether Rochester was a major Roman town or simply a village/small-town? What is so significant is that after the armies had been withdrawn from Britain at the end of the Roman occupation, Rochester immediately became one of the most important early Saxon centres in the whole of Britain, for Kent was converted to Christianity in 597, Rochester Cathedral built in 601 and the Diocese of Rochester founded in 604 with minster churches and parishes across half of Kent under its jurisdiction! What was Rochester like during the Roman period and was the fact it become so important during the early Saxon period based on it's Roman foundation? I like to think so, and that it would have had a Forum-Basilica at it's center, but lack of archaeological investigations means it's not yet possible to know one way or another. Identifying the Roman remains at Rochester has always puzzled me... Directly behind where I am standing in the above photo is the River Medway that once apparently came right up close to the town defences before the esplanade was laid out. Old ground level is about halfway up the walls where the shrubs are sticking out, and the visible Roman remains are meant to be where the bricks are sandwiched between later Medieval brickwork above and underpinning below. However, I think more than those 3 layers are claimed to be Roman? This section in the northwest is also claimed to be Roman, but is it!? This section is also claimed to be Roman, but I have no idea... Even the above section is claimed to be mixed Roman/Medieval. This does not appear to be accurate at all.

Those are all after Diocletian.

Is that not the same as this one; no? 146 BC

That example inscription is very moving, and I am touched by it, but to me (and probably most scholars) the most important ones are those that identify the status of towns within various provinces of the Roman Empire, i.e. vici, civitates, municipia and colonia; translations of those is what I'm mainly seeking, but of course, anything translated that makes sense and is informative is worth me reading. Thanks.

Many thanks for everyone's informative responses! I guess most of the important inscriptions must be translated, so I guess I would like to know if there are translated volumes available anywhere online or in book form?

I'm convinced Wiki's list of Roman Provinces is incomplete and would like help on expanding it: 241 BC

It's extremely frustrating not knowing which Roman towns held the elevated status of Municipium/Coloniae within provinces of the Roman Empire, such as Gaul, which are hinted at in certain publications without ever presenting a full set of data. Considering Britannia is most familiar to me out of all the provinces and the most researched, I was reading up on how scholars have constructed their town maps of Roman Britain, which seems to be based on painful research into the Iron Age tribes, for the Romans founded a civitas capital in the heart of former tribal areas, and these were sometimes promoted to Municipia/Colonia (or some Colonia were newly founded in areas encroaching on civitates). Using Britannia as an example, the single best source for identifying the Municipia/Colonia is from epigraphic evidence; inscriptions identifying important towns in Britain were found in places other than Britain: Rome (x 2), Mainz, and south of France. http://www.romanbritain.freeserve.co.uk/townsevidence.htm Is there any good publications for important Roman inscriptions found throughout the world? Obviously, books like the Roman Insciptions of Britain or Roman Britain: A Sourcebook only feature inscriptions that were found locally and not necessarily ones that were important to Britannia, i.e. none of the 4 inscriptions above are featured in those publications as they were found overseas. Therefore, what would be nice would be a general database with inscriptions from all over.

Is anyone able to interpret this map? What is significance of the shaded areas? What are the dotted lines? Does it indicate any Municipia or Colonia? (click for larger image) Source: http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/galia_0016-4119_2006_num_63_1_3280#

I only know about a couple that were at Vindolanda. Chysauster was an entire settlement (same with Carn Euny). These villages would look very out of place in a Roman Civitas (post 2nd Century) IMO.

Thanks for your reply. To me, 3 forts means the Romans must have been fighting the natives, but I don't actually know what the historical sources say about this region. Yep--the pic is from Chycauster. That part of the Peutinger Table would appear to be a fake reconstruction from the end of the 19th century and not from the original (lost) sheet. If SW England was properly conquered and assimilated then no way would a settlement in the style of Chycauster have remained standing during the later Roman period (that's my theory). I believe the tribes in this region must have remained independent of Roman rule.

I've been searching online for that map, but hadn't found the complete set of sheets; many thanks!

Besides a milestones, a fort, and single Roman villa that the Roman Britain website presents in their layered maps, hardly anything substantially Roman is to be found in the southwest of England beyond Exeter. In fact, I visited 2 Romano-British settlements in Cornwall called Chycauster and Carn Euny as recommended by my books on Romano-British sites with visible remains, and to my horror, they were actually Iron-Age/Celtic style! 1) Has anyone seen an archaeological report of the Roman villa in Cornwall? I've searched the 'net for a plan or pic without success. 2) Has much Roman pottery and coins been found in southwest England? 3) Is there any proof that the Romans actually properly annexed Cornwall and not just the Exeter part of the former tribal area? Did it even have Client king status? 4) Besides Wales and Scotland, were the Romans constantly faced with revolts from the SW of England? 5) Could the fact that 3 unlocated settlements named in Ptolemy's geography as several in Scotland mean that they were actually native non-Roman settlements? 6) Has any Roman roads been discovered past Exeter?

Here's the best I can do... (anyone like to have a go at finishing Italy?) BRITANNIA Londinium/Augusta Noviomagus Vagniacis Durobrivae (probably a town but unconfirmed) Durolevum Durovernum Portus Dubris GALLIA BELGICA Gesoriacum/Bononia (supposedly a town based on what evidence?) Tarvenna Nemetacum/Arras Augusta Viromanduorum/St. Quentin Chatillon-sur-Oise Mesbrecourt-Richecourt Durocortorum/Civitas Remorum Durocatalaunum Corobilium? GALLIA LUGDUNENSIS Brienne-la-Veille GERMANY SUPERIOR Segessera Andemantunnum Segobodium Vesontio Arlorica Irba Lousonna Vivisco/Viviscus (unconfirmed and possibly in the next province) ALPES POENINAE Penne Locos Tarnaias? Acammum Octodurus/Forum Claudii Vallensium ITALY (STARTING AT CISALPINE GAUL) Augusta Pretoria Vitricium Eporedia Vercellae Cuttiae Laumellum Durriae Ticinum Lambrum Ad Rota(s) Ad Padum Placentia Florenti(ol)a Fidentia Ad Tarum Parma Regium Lepidum Pons Seciae Mutina Voctoriolae Forum Gallorum (off road slightly) Ad Medias Felsina/Bononia Ad Idicem Claterna Ad Silarum Forum Cornelii Ad Sinnium Faventia Forum Livii Forum Popilii Caesena Compitum ad Confluentes Ariminum Pisaurum Fanum Fortunae Ad Octavum Forum Sempronii Intercisa/Petra Pertusa Cales Ad Aesim Helvillum Tadinae Nuceria Forum Flaminii Fulginiae Mevania Carsulae Nequinum/Narnia Ocriculum Aqua Viva Rostrata Villa Ad Vicesismum Ad Gallinas Albas Pons Mulvius Roma

I believe the information is available, but that French/German historians only provide/publish a sample of their data. For example, when I see maps inside books, no effort is ever made to comprehensively present what is known about towns. What Civitas/tribal area in Belgium is patchy or what specific town problems have you encountered with that small region due to lack of sources? I am going to study some primary sources and see if I am able to come up with the 21 towns of Roman Britain without any help from secondary sources. If I can do it then, in theory, I should be able to apply that to any other Western province of the Roman Empire. In fact, I think the sources should be better for Gaul, Germany and especially Italy; for Britain, most of the Peutinger table is lost, yet all that is known about towns (and small-towns) is published and readily accessible: we have about 4-5 books specifically about "Towns Of Roman Britain" as well as 2-3 on the Small-towns. What's more, most general books on Roman Britain will show the 21 towns and state the ones that were Colonia and the one Municipium we know about and speculate about London; this is skeleton framework that every general book about Roman Britain worth it's salt is based on. Why don't the French or German historians attempt the same thing for their countries? All their efforts seem to have been put into the Limes.

Yep! The information should be readily available, and I just don't understand why it's not... I was recommended one book by the author of Romans, Celts and Germans that isn't at Senate House, and I had to go to the British Library to view it, but it only lists towns and small-towns that were known up until 1994 and fails to mention status/type:

Well, I am a member of that Society based at Senate House, and I have looked through every one of their French and German books as well as the Galia journal, but haven't come across a single comprehensive map of any Gallic, Germanic, Spanish or North African province. You could even read a book like this and still have no clue as to what Roman towns were in Italy besides the obvious such as Rome, Pompeii and a few others they chose to write about... http://www.amazon.co.uk/Cities-Roman-Italy-Classical-World/dp/1853997285 However, there are scores of books about Roman Britain that will provide town information at a simple glance. Coloniae Colchester (Camulodunum) Gloucester (Glevem) Lincoln (Lindum) York (Eboracum) Municipia St Albans (Verulamium) Civitates Aldborough (Isurium Brigantium) Brough (Petuaria) Caerwent (Venta Silurum) Caistor-by-Norwich (Venta Icenorum) Canterbury (Durovernum Cantiacorum) Carmarthen (Moridunum Demetarum) Chelmsford (Trinovantum) Chichester (Noviomagus Reginorum) Cirencester (Corinium Dobunnorum) Dorchester (Durnovaria) Exeter (Isca Dumniorum) Leicester (Ratae Corieltauvorum) Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum) Winchester (Venta Belgarum) Wroxeter (Viroconium Cornoviorum) Unknown Status London (Londinium) However, try and find out any Municipia of Gaul and Germany. After 3 years of research, I've only managed to find out 1 and 4 respectively, but certain authors/historians have hinted they know of many more, yet they don't bother mentioning or mapping them. Ok, here's another challenge... at least 10 Roman circuses are known in Gaul; simply list 5 of them!

I think that's the quickest route, but it doesn't really matter what route you take: besides listing random Roman settlements, actually identifying the important settlements, i.e. known Roman Towns--outside of Britannia--seems virtually impossible without going through hundreds of archaeological reports published in many different languages as well as consulting primary historical sources. This is only goes to show how exceptional Roman scholarship/publication is in Britain and how lousy Roman historians are in other European countries!

Unfortunately, the UNRV map can't help with this challenge anymore than the Barrington Atlas can!

Here's the route to get you started: Londinium/Augusta Noviomagus Vagniacis Durobrivae Durovernum Portus Dubris Gesoriacum/Bononia Tarvenna Nemetacum Augusta Viromanduorum Chatillon-sur-Oise Mesbrecourt-Richecourt Durocortorum/Civitas Remorum Durocatalaunum Corobilium? Brienne-la-Veille Segessera Andemantunnum Segobodium Vesontio Arlorica Irba Lousonna Vivisco/Viviscus Penne Locos Tarnaias? Acammum Octodurus/Forum Claudii Vallensium Augusta Pretoria Vitricium Eporedia Vercellae Cuttiae Laumellum Durriae Ticinum Lambrum Ad Rota(s) Ad Padum Placentia Florenti(ol)a Fidentia Ad Tarum Parma Regium Lepidum Pons Seciae Mutina Voctoriolae Forum Gallorum (off road slightly) Ad Medias Felsina/Bononia Ad Idicem Claterna Ad Silarum Forum Cornelii Ad Sinnium Faventia Forum Livii Forum Popilii Caesena Compitum ad Confluentes Ariminum Pisaurum Fanum Fortunae Ad Octavum Forum Sempronii Intercisa/Petra Pertusa Cales Ad Aesim Helvillum Tadinae Nuceria Forum Flaminii Fulginiae Mevania Carsulae Nequinum/Narnia Ocriculum Aqua Viva Rostrata Villa Ad Vicesismum Ad Gallinas Albas Pons Mulvius Roma Most of the above are small towns or minor settlements, but can you identify the few true towns? That is really what the challenge is!