ASCLEPIADES

Nope. I think you are good. This pic is difficult, that's all. That's why I posted it in the first place

Nope. Try again.

Salve! Here is a nice essay about the transicion of Homer's Κιθάρα to Horace's cithara to modern guitar. I hope it may be useful.

Salve! I agree. Precisely to avoid cultural artefacts, modern psychiatry (vg, the DSM-IV) generally requires for a disorder's diagnosis that symptoms cause

Nope, sorry.

Salve! Today, a.d. XIII Kalendas September, is the MCMXCIII anniversary of Augustus' death at Nola, 35 days before his 76th birthday. You can also mark this date as the definitive death of the Republic, being the first instance of hereditary transmission of the supreme power at Rome since Tarquin the Proud.

Salve! QUOTE(Ursus @ Feb 24 2007, 07:32 AM Caesar's

Nope. But you were not so far from the critical zone, WW. Try again!

I think Polybius is no Thucydides and the searching of causes for the effects was not one of his strong points. Beyond the mere looting and purely military considerations: who might have profited from the sudden disappearance of such a metropolis? What do you think about it?

In Mommsen's words (Book IV): "All the more marked is the contrast between this general moderation and the revolting treatment of Corinth--a treatment disapproved by the orators who defended the destruction of Numantia and Carthage, and far from justified, even according to Roman international law, by the abusive language uttered against the Roman deputies in the streets of Corinth. And yet it by no means proceeded from the brutality of any single individual, least of all of Mummius, but was a measure deliberated and resolved on by the Roman senate. We shall not err, if we recognize it as the work of the mercantile party, which even thus early began to interfere in politics by the side of the aristocracy proper, and which in destroying Corinth got rid of a commercial rival. If the great merchants of Rome had anything to say in the regulation of Greece, we can understand why Corinth was singled out for punishment, and why the Romans not only destroyed the city as it stood, but also prohibited any future settlement on a site so pre-eminently favourable for commerce. The Peloponnesian Argos thenceforth became the rendezvous for the Roman merchants, who were very numerous even in Greece. For the Roman wholesale traffic, however, Delos was of greater importance; a Roman free port as early as 586, it had attracted a great part of the business of Rhodes,(26) and now in a similar way entered on the heritage of Corinth. This island remained for a considerable time the chief emporium for merchandise going from the east to the west." What do you think about it?

Gratiam habeo, PP. True, I wasn't aware.

Salve, JPV Very impressive indeed. Now you are delighting us with a multitudinous composition of a nomad warrior tribe without loosing detail. You are excelling yourself. I liked especially the horses' illustrations. Congratulations.

Was all a matter of money?

Nope.

This explanation comes from the note 3 of the Loeb Classical Library edition (1924) of Cassius Dio Book LVII.

Salve! The always prudent Cato Majoris advise you how to recognize wine watering ("De Agricultura", Ch. CXI): "If you wish to determine whether wine has been watered or not: Make a vessel of ivy wood and put in it some of the wine you think has water in it. If it contains water, the wine will soak through and the water will remain, for a vessel of ivy wood will not hold wine. " Unfortunately, this method was probably useless.

Salve! His nickname really was Castor: Cassius Dio Roman History Book LVII cH. 14: "Yet he was so given to violent anger that he inflicted blows upon a distinguished knight, and for this exploit received the nickname of Castor" ... after a legendary gladiator: Horace, Epistle XVIII to Lollius, SEC. 19: "Why, whether [the gladiator] Castor or Dolichos be the cleverer fellow; whether the Minucian, or the Appian, be the better road to Brundusium." His cruelty gave his name to the sharpest of swords- known as a Drusian.

Did the Roman people ever demand the restoration of the Republic?

Sir William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology makes the following remarks about Catiline's main ally: MALLIA GENS, plebeian. This name is frequently confounded with that of Manlius; and in almost every passage where Mallius occurs some authorities read Manlius. It appears, however, from ancient inscriptions and the best manuscripts, that Mallius is the correct reading in certain cases; and we can easily understand how this name, which was one of no celebrity, should be altered into the well-known one of Manlius (Patrician). The only person in this gens who obtained any of the higher offices of the state was Cn. Mallius Maximus, who was consul b. c. 105. [maximus.] C. MA'LLIUS, one of Catiline's conspirators, was stationed by the chief at Faesulae in Etruria, where he was commissioned to collect an army and prepare all military stores. He had served under Sulla as a centurion, and possessed great military experience and reputation. In the battle against Cicero's colleague, Antonius, in which Catiline fell, Mallius commanded the right wing, and was killed in the conflict. (Sail. Cat. 24, 27

Was then the Republican Army non-conservative (progressive or liberal)? What changed the Republican Senate into lapdogs?

Salve!

Salve!

OK! See? That's a totally different argument and I can understand it perfectly; mine is the right to destroy you because I consider you a wacko, I'm stronger and genocide is in today's menu. A little Soprano-like protection imposed on Greece, no Roman law and/or culture to expand and a lot of economical and curricular benefit in the long run for an ambitious and very happy consul who had not the chance of looting Carthage. Very Caesar-on-Gaul like. Or Nazi Final Solution, BTW. There will always be someone who considers the massacre and enslavement of defenseless civil populations as heroic achievements, and others who would choose to weep for those populations. Maybe the difference is only a matter of perspective. It might be more interesting for us to discuss the "why". As many other empires, Rome conquered its "known world" always claiming self-defense. However, after enjoying so many years of right and happiness to destroy centuries-long cultures; why specifically at 608 AUC (146 BC)? After all, as the unbearable insults to ambassadors have been used as pretext for military interventions from Assyria to the Manchukuo, Mommsen may be right to suspect for additional explanations. Market cleaning for Roman or allied merchants? (ie, Athens, Delos). Some bribery involved? What do you think?

Livia to Claudius' sister, forgot her name, Lucilla? Salve! The answer is in post #5 of this thread (Aug 2 2007, 01:52 PM); they were Plancina (Piso's wife) and Livia, in that order. The name of Claudius' sister is Livilla ("little Livia"). with the outstanding performance of the Irish actress Patricia Quinn (later Lady Stephens).

Salve! A little digression urgently needed; Cataline and Catiline are not synonymous; the latter is the commonest English transcription of "Catilina", the right Latin spelling of the cognomen of Lucius Sergius, the famous conspirator, Sallust's character and Consul MT Cicero's enemy; that's why each of Cicero's four discourses against him are known as "Catilinarius" (Latin) or "Catilinarian" (English), not "Catalinarian" nor "Catalinarius". "Cataline" is an English misspelling of the Spanish "Catalina", itself a translation of the Greek name Αικατερινη (Aikaterine). The etymology is debated: it could derive from the earlier Greek name