ASCLEPIADES

Dandruff? Salve, GM! Yessir; Porrigo was its Latin name (AC Celsus, De Medicina, Liber VI,Ch. II, sec. II). Your turn.

Those are fragments (#45 & #47) of the Q Asconius Pedanius' commentary on the famous MT Cicero's Oratio Pro T Annio Milone. Sallustius' allusion at the process was almost incidental and had presumably nothing to do with Fausta's affaire.

Salve, Amici. Here comes Lucius Caelius Firmianus Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, Ch. V: "And presently Valerian also, in a mood alike frantic, lifted up his impious hands to assault God, and, although his time was short, shed much righteous blood. But God punished him in a new and extraordinary manner, that it might be a lesson to future ages that the adversaries of Heaven always receive the just recompense of their iniquities. He, having been made prisoner by the Persians, lost not only that power which he had exercised without moderation, but also the liberty of which be had deprived others; and he wasted the remainder of his days in the vilest condition of slavery: for Sapores, the king of the Persians, who had made him prisoner, whenever he chose to get into his carriage or to mount on horseback, commanded the Roman to stoop and present his back; then, setting his foot on the shoulders of Valerian, he said, with a smile of reproach,

Salve, CR!

Salve, AD. Excellent link indeed. Gratiam habeo.

BTW, neither were freedmen considered suitable for the Army until the Constitutio Antoniana of CMLXV AUC / 212 AD. (But they were indeed for the navy and the cohortes vigilum, at least the Iuniani Latini).

X-cellent advice, PP. Gratiam habeo.

The Flavian Iulius brothers (Constantinus, Constantius and Constans) did not agree.

Salve, GO! You should better search under the term Limes "border", the name given by the Romans to the fortifications built over most of the Imperial frontier zones, as the Hadrian's and Antoninian Walls between Britannia and Caledonia (Limes Britannicus). Maybe your map was something like this: You were talking about at least two different Limes: The most famous is the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian; here comes a quite informative Link from UNESCO The other one should be the Limes Moesiae at the Balkans, much less documented online. For an excellent general introduction and plenty of information about both Limes and many others, you can check out the website of Jona Lendering. I hope this may be useful.

I think that the predominantly independent development of these assemblies by each State would be the most parsimonious explanation.

Not too many. Without any doubt the most famous is the Periplus of Hanno, a Greek translation of a Punic inscription that had been set up in the temple of the chief god of Carthage, Ba

Here come some excerpts of the articles about both philosophers from the Catholic Encyclopedia: With the advent of neo-Platonism founded by Ammonius and developed by Plotinus, Platonism definitely entered the cause of Paganism against Christianity. Nevertheless, the great majority of the Christian philosophers down to St. Augustine were Platonists. They appreciated the uplifting influence of Plato's psychology and metaphysics, and recognized in that influence a powerful ally of Christianity in the warfare against materialism and naturalism. These Christian Platonists underestimated Aristotle, whom they generally referred to as an "acute" logician whose philosophy favoured the heretical opponents of orthodox Christianity. The exceptions to be found were John of Damascus, who in his "Source of Science" epitomizes Aristotle's "Categories" and "Metaphysics", and Porphyry's" Introduction"; Nemesius, Bishop of Emesa, who in his "Nature of Man" follows in the footsteps of John of Damascus; and Boethius, who translated several of Aristotle's logical treatises into Latin. These translations and Porphyry's "Introduction" were the only Aristotelean works known to the first of the Schoolmen, that is to say, to the Christian philosophers of Western Europe from the ninth to the twelfth century. The Middle Ages completely reversed this verdict. The first scholastics knew only the logical treatises of Aristotle, and, so far as they were psychologists or metaphysicians at all, they drew on the Platonism of St. Augustine.

Interesting news, indeed.

For which condition was this celsian treatment intended for? "... But if this condition is too troublesome, which may happen when a discharge of humour has set in, and especially if this is malodorous, the head is to be shaved often, after which one of the mild repressants is applied, such as soda in vinegar, or ladanum in myrtle oil and wine, or bennut oil with wine. If there is little benefit from these measures it is permissible to use stronger ones, whilst bearing in mind that, at any rate when the disease is of recent origin, this is not a good thing. "

You're right indeed, Lady A. It's a young beardless Marcus Aurelius. Congratulations and good night!

Salve, Amici. From the linked note, I would think the expressed opinions were an educated guess (at best), maybe adding a piece of sensationalism. I think the Quechua (Inca) and their predecessors buiplt up the biggest civilization that lacked any form of writing system; an obvious caveat is that we simply have a very poor idea of their religious conceptions.

Salve, GO. As non-believers, these philosophers were only accepted, as you rightly stated it. Their considerations were not included among the Christian Dogma, ie they are not articles of faith for any Christian denomination that I am aware of. What might be considered dogmatic, at least for the Catholic, are the Church's (especially Pope's) commentaries about such texts. Anyway, I'm not sure about any specific instance. For example, the famous case against Galileo Galilei was not based on Aristotle, but on biblical references, like the Psalm 104:5, "[the Lord] set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved" or Ecclesiastes 1:5,"the sun rises and the sun sets, and hurries back to where it rises".

Salve, E. I would think that might be an hyperbolic statement, as some other cults (especially Mithraism) were presumably still quite prevalent amid military ranks. Anyway, "Christians and the Roman army A.D. 173-337" by John Helgeland (Church History, Vol. 43, No. 2, June 1974, pp. 149-163 and 200) may be interesting for you.

Aristotle, Dio Cassius, Livy, and Polybius--they all refer to an assembly in Carthage. Aristotle and Polybius would have had good information on this. Aristotle had assembled written descriptions of the constitutions of all the major city-states. Polybius would have had access to the ambassadors to Carthage. Is there any good reason to doubt their reports? You can also check the link on post #2 of this thread for more commentaries on the same topic.

Salve, GO! Come in and give us your best shot!

Nope, Lady A. Sorry. But once again I must say you were extremely close, so please try another guess.

Salve, Amici! Here Cassius Dio informed us; (Roman History, Liber XL, Chapters LXIII, sec. I-IV): "Caesar had many supporters, among them ... Lucius Piso, his father-in‑law, who was censor; for at this time Appius Claudius and Piso were made censors ... he did not resist Claudius when he drove from the senate all the freedmen and numbers even of the exclusive nobility, among them Sallustius Crispus, who wrote the history." And here Aulus Gellius quoted M. Varro to explain it: (Noctes Atticae Liber XVII, Ch. XVIII): "Quod M. Varro C. Sallustium, historiae scriptorem, deprehensum ab Annio Milone in adulterio scribit et loris caesum pecuniaque data dimissum. M. Varro, in litteris atque vita fide homo multa et gravis, in libro, quem scripsit Pius aut de pace, C. Sallustium scriptorem seriae illius et severae orationis, in cuius historia notiones censorias fieri atque exerceri videmus, in adulterio deprehensum ab Annio Milone loris bene caesum dicit et, cum dedisset pecuniam, dimissum. " Then, he was ejected on the ground of his having been caught in the act of adultery with Fausta, the wife of T. Annius Milo (and the daughter of the dictator Sulla). It is said that the husband soundly whipped Sallustius, and only let him off on payment of a sum of money..

Trachoma (chronic conjunctivitis). It's still a common cause of blindness at some countries.

Felicem Natalem Dies, DF!

A common opinion, but hardly a consensus; many scholars consider them Turkish ("Caucasoid"), and others even think they had no ethnic identity (ie, they may have been a confederacy of unrelated populations).