ASCLEPIADES

Salve, Amici. From what I've read on this thread, militarily events are grossly overrated; mass killing and genocide are too commonplace to become really influential. And of course, they are never required for cultural expansion or general quality life improvement. King Alexander III of Macedon was not the UNESCO. There are simply too many candidates: as many other UNRV members, I would rate high huge cultural/technical contributions that happened presumably only once (for example, the wheel invention at the Ubaid period on Neolithic Mesopotamia or the introduction of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet at the Late Bronze Age on the Sinai peninsula).

Excellent pic, GM; specially because its basically true. For today, McDonalds reports its presence in "119 countries and territories", all South America included. In fact, where it's absent is not so much for accessibility problems, but for political (ie, Iran) or fundamentally economic factors: poor populations can't afford Big Macs (it's absent from over 90% of Africa). Then, if the people of that pic have no McDonald, is not because they are "uncontacted", but because they are impoverished.

Since Caesar was a nobile, you're not contradicting either Cato. No, I'm not.

A common misconception is that you can't be an imperialist if you are a democrat. V century BC Athens and XIX century Belgium are nice examples of the oppposite. I'm not sure if the EU will some day be able to function as an empire as a whole; that seems not to be tha case right now. Anyway, some members of the EU still qualify as Empires (or "empiroids" if you like) on their own; best example would be the stubborn France (just check on La Nouvelle Caledonie).

I agree with Cato. Salve, Catos. Even without considering the "Byzantine"(?) period of the Empire, Rome lasted at least another five centuries. Is that "ticking the clock" for you? And I don't think this thread is just about external threats. Late Republican nobiles were arguably their own worst enemies and the main cause both for the fall of the Republic and for the absence of its resurgence.

RIP

Salve, NR. Ferguson plays with at least two quite different and independent uses of the word "Empire": 1) an autocratic form of government, which is what we all commonly understand for "Roman Empire" (ie, Rome after the Republic) and 2) a political unit having an extensive territory or comprising a number of territories or nations and ruled by a single supreme authority. I think Kosmo is right (post #7); anyhow, as we deal with all Roman at UNRV, some maths won't hurt. Just for the record, the Imperialism of the Roman state (second definition) would have lasted at least 1600 years, from the capture of Veies (396 bc) to the IV Crusade (1204 ad). (And at the risk of overstating the obvious, the "Holy Roman Empire" was just cheap plagiarism)

I am no expert but I feel that there are several issues to be considered Over a long period of time the style of flint tools changed so what was manufactured in one period would not have been considered a useful size in another. As far as I know the neolithic flint tools tended to be rougher than some of the later tools so I suspect that some older tools may have been reworked into different forms and so be unreckonized by us now. Thirdly if tools were left in a cache, ignoring the damage to the sites caused over the centuries by later ploughing or other human activities, in the UK we have had at least one ice age since the flints were abandoned which could easily have moved then from their original deposition site to where they have been found. Having just been working on a local mesolithic dig to some extent what we find from the neolithic or even the later stone age could as you say be the result of local manufacturing sites which may have only been used seasonally. Often finds of flint tools are associated with flint 'cores' from which the flints had obviously been struck along with other flint debris. In may instances we have no real concept of what the local landscape was like when these tools were being used so over time even if we are dealing with a manufacturing site the smaller pieces may have broken down into smaller pieces so lost any characteristic percussion marks. We are only left with the other tools wherever they were last used or were lost during use. Salve, Neanderthalophiles 12 additional related and 3 similar threads at UNVR

Apparently, nothing to do with archeology; controversy seems to be of another nature: From En.Wikipedia: Gothicismus "...is the name given to what is considered to have been a cultural movement in Sweden. The founders of the movement were Nicolaus Ragvaldi, the brothers Johannes Magnus, Olaus Magnus and Olof Rudbeck d.

Gratiam Habeo for such nice link, V And if anyone is a bit confused by the new discovery of Palmyra: "Although a settlement dating back to the second millennium BC has already been identified as Palmyra, a new settlement was evidently established at another site in the third century BC and was later abandoned in the Roman period. While we know a great deal about the later Roman city, the Hellenistic settlement of Palmyra has never been investigated,"

Salve, A You know it right; maybe you have read too much Paul Erlich. As far as I remember, III Reich imperialism was due to an overpopulation of one F

Now I get it; gratiam habeo, Lady N.

No, free dacians (carpii and costobocii) and former roman proper Dacia are included in the gothic orange while moesians are not around anymore. The region on the map below the Danube Delta (Moesia Inferior) should have been roman purple. The region between the roman purple on Middle Danube and the gothic orange, the puzta - Tisza plain, belongs to sarmatian people - the yaziges. Of course, K is right and UNRV information on provinces agree with him. My confusion, sorry.

Salve, Amici A notorious Pope's quotation from many releases of this same note on Beedings (ie, at Discovery) "The tools we've found at the site are technologically advanced and potentially older than tools in Britain belonging to our own species" Culturally if not genetically, we might well be Neanderthal's descendants after all.

I know I should have asked Mrs. Rand, but that phrase just doesn't make any sense. Maybe you need to read The Fountainhead. -- Nephele Maybe. But as The Fountainhead is a fiction work, I really doubt there would be the anthropological evidence that might have supported her extraordinary assertion on the savage's existence as public (?). Is anyone aware of her rationale for this specific phrase?

Another examples: all extant works from Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Annales I to V only copy (from the Codex Medicaeus of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was done at the scriptorium of the Benedictine abbey of Fulda circa 850 and were found at the library of the Imperial benedictine Abbey of Corvey in H

Not if you're comfortable with your government having the power of life and death over you. Frankly, I'm not comfortable with that at all, especially since our government makes mistakes (and sometimes those mistakes are deliberate). -- Nephele Don't get my wrong, Lady N; I'm not defending the Lex Talionis or capital punishment, even less its implementation by anyone, but just trying to explain what I think that specific question on the political compass' quiz means and what it is intended to measure.

Salve, A The battle was at the Halys River (present-day "Kızılırmak" river in Turkey).

Yes I really hope so. From my limited knowledge on this topic, it seems the Jury is still out.

From where I am, "eye for an eye" implies damage and punishement are identical. Then, capital punishment would be the retribution for killing. Am I wrong?

The Parthian Empire, which defeated the Republican armies under Crassus and Antonius, was repeatedly defeated (check your own post). The Augustean policy of foundation of Roman colonies in the Provinces, virtually unknown during the Republic, was continued on a larger scale. Britannia and Mauritania were added to the Empire. UNRV Without fiscal health, such Emperors wouldn't have been able to go through such profligate spending. Besides, I think Suetonius was analyzing not the Imperial fiscal health but Caius' ethics when he made such observation. All that said, my point was not that the Roman Empire under the late Julio-Claudians was thriving more or less than the Republic or any other Roman period. My point is the Empire was thriving in absolute terms by any measure, an unexpected outcome under the rule of maniac lunatics depicted by Suetonius in so much detail. And I was certainly not trying to favour these

Salve, Amici I would consider Wikipedia quotation far more reliable than the aquarium note, simply because for using a defibrillator you have to understand what fibrillation is. ie a cardiac arrhytmia (turbulent, disorganised electrical activity of the heart that provokes uncontrolled twitching or quivering of muscular fibrils) that requires a registry (electrocardiogram) for its disgnosis and treatment; in fact, not all cardiac arrests are secondary to ventricular fibrilations as you can have other electrophysiological mechanisms (like asystolia, meaning no electric activity at all) that will not respond to defibrillation. Quick reference at en.wikipedia BTW, it seems you had a nice weekend, Lady N.

Salve, MPC. The mere fact that you consider the phrase "predator multinationals" biased or not is an actual measure of your political attitudes. Lex talionis ( "an eye for an eye" from Exodus 21:23

Empire or Hegemony < CLICK > Salve, F. Both terms are not mutually exclusive. Here comes the American heritage Dictionnary: Empire:A political unit having an extensive territory or comprising a number of territories or nations and ruled by a single supreme authority. Hegemony: The predominant influence, as of a state, region, or group, over another or others.