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The Legio XIII crossed the Rubicon with Caesar (from HBO’s series “Rome”). Excavations at an elementary school in Vienna have found evidence of Legio XIII Gemina. This was initially Caesar’s legion that crossed with him the Rubicon in 49 BCE. Evidence of a large-scale Roman building dating to the 2nd century AD has been found, as well as bricks with the name Legio XIII Gemina. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2024/02/traces-of-the-13th-legion-gemina-found-in-vienna/150433 Here’s a video on Legio XIII:

Dating ancient Roman artifacts from once-living material can be somewhat complicated. Here is an excellent article that explains the process using Carbon-14 dating. https://www.iflscience.com/what-is-carbon-14-dating-72747 Nice basic videos on the subject: Another way to date Roman artifacts is dendrochronolgy (tree ring dating) as well as newer isotope-based testing of wood: An old thread on dating Roman material:

There have been many previous posts about the plagues that affected Ancient Rome (see below). Studies show that three of the most brutal cold snaps were associated with the three best-known plagues in Roman history: the Antonine Plague (AD 160-185), the Plague of Cyprian (AD 249-270), and the Justinian Plague (AD 541-549). https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/romans/devastating-roman-era-plagues-were-ushered-in-by-cold-snaps-study-finds https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adk1033

A bog body has been found in Northern Ireland. Carbon dating has placed the death around 500 BCE. Although the cause of death is unknown, the victim was between 13 and 17 years old at the time of death. Partial skin, as well as nails were intact. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2024/01/archaeologists-find-2000-year-old-bog-body/150396

The Mougins Museum of Classical Art in France is auctioning a portion of its collection to support the establishment of its new museum, FAMM (Female Artists of the Mougins). The following are some of the exquisite items available for sale: A Roman Cavalry mask from around AD 50 A Roman brass helmet from AD 69-117 A Roman cavalry helmet AD 125-175 A Roman helmet AD 125-175 an inscription for Julius Mansuetus https://www.christies.com/auction/auction-22770-nyr A Roman Hellenistic-era Roman breastplate has been withdrawn from the antiquities auction because of possible ties to organized crime and unclear provenance. https://www.ansa.it/amp/english/news/lifestyle/arts/2024/01/29/roman-breastplate-pulled-from-nyc-auction_5ba1539c-c910-4683-873b-bce52ac2c02c.html

Here is an interesting article on pepper in the ancient world: https://www.brandeis.edu/now/2019/may/pepper-rome-ancient.html

Two pieces of the Villena treasure (c. 1300-1000 BCE) from the late Bronze Age underwent mass spectrometry studies. It was determined that these Bronze Age pieces included iron thought to be from a meteorite source. The Villena treasure predates known iron production. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2024/01/traces-of-meteoric-iron-in-the-villena-treasure/150356 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure_of_Villena Previous threads about ancient discoveries made from meteorite iron.

In this short, Max describes the difference between modern pepper and Roman pepper

(Roman scutum) (Armor from the Arminius revolt) (Pair of children's shoes) (Official gifts) A new exhibit at the British Museum. (Thanks Dr Tom for bringing this to my attention.) https://www.britishmuseum.org/exhibitions/legion-life-roman-army

Too funny. Thanks for your attention to my post. Having taken a whole semester of anatomy, one would think I would have noticed that the foot bone was upside down. (An X-ray of an otherwise healthy foot)

This is a followup to the unusual skeleton of a man found in Fenstanton, Cambridgeshire in 2017 who was the victim of Roman crucification (see post below). A facial reconstruction has been completed by a US forensic expert. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-67943596 Pottery items found at dig:

An ancient Roman wine shop has been found in the ancient city of Sikyon in Greece. The shop was destroyed by a sudden destructive event. Sixty bronze coins, most dating to the reign of Constantius II, have been discovered. The latest coins are dated from AD 355 to 361. The wine shop was found as part of a larger complex that contained kilns and presses for grapes and olives. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/romans/roman-era-wine-shop-possibly-destroyed-in-an-earthquake-discovered-in-greece

Thank you for reading this post. I don't have expertise in making wine, so I can't comment with any authority. It seems to me, however, that the archaeological evidence for the use of wooden barrels for winemaking is less likely to have survived over the millennia. Therefore, we can't be sure how prevalent the use of earthenware dolia was in Ancient Rome compared to wooden barrels. We also don't know whether the use of dolia was more regional or widespread.

A recent study indicates that Roman wine possessed distinctive characteristics. The unique taste and texture of ancient wine were attributed to the dolia (buried Roman wine pots), which ensured well-regulated temperatures during the aging process. Additionally, the clay vessels imparted a "drying sensation" to the wine when consumed. The narrow base of fermentation means that the grapes were separated from the wine, resulting in the liquid acquiring an orange color. https://www.newsweek.com/how-roman-wine-tasted-archaeologists-1862792 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/21CE9DC73E121EE173E902625E9E559D/S0003598X2300193Xa.pdf/making_wine_in_earthenware_vessels_a_comparative_approach_to_roman_vinification.pdf

Thank you for reading my post. Professor Trizio in his above video makes the point that Trajan’s column, whose friezes depict the conflicts with the Dacians, shows the Dacian falx (curved blade) and the Roman arm guard as protection. The falx was very effective in injuring the legionaries’ exposed arms and legs which had been previously unprotected. Trajan’s column attests to the modifications that may have been made to protect against the Dacian falx. “Trajan introduced the use of greaves and an arm protector (mania) for the right arm, which had previously been used only by gladiators and which was never used again [or at least routinely] once the Dacia campaign concluded (Wikipedia).” This arm guard may have had only a ceremonial function or might have been brought back by a veteran of the Dacian conflicts. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx

Here’s a wonderful video by Professor Roberto Trizio on the find. (English subtitles can be enabled)

A brass Roman arm guard found in Scotland has been reassembled and will be on display. It was found in about 100 fragments and dates to the late second century AD. https://www.news-journal.com/roman-armour-to-go-on-display-after-experts-complete-ancient-jigsaw-puzzle/video_5ea7c199-5f53-5e75-a6a1-431bb8bcaa41.html

Fifteen iron weapons have been found in Eastern Poland. They are thought to be from the Roman era, of barbarian nature. Items include spearheads and axes. https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/01/21/roman-era-barbarian-weapons-found-in-polish-forest/

Professor Roberto Trizio has done a good video on the find. (English subtitles are available):

A Roman dodecahedron has been unearthed, this time in Sheffield. Several threads have been written about this ancient device (see below). Although several have been found throughout the Empire, it is unclear what the dodecahedron was used for: a measuring device, a sewing tool, a gambling piece, or something else. https://c.newsnow.co.uk/A/1213769681?-16722:2001:nn_topic_top

Vorenus and family praying to the god Janus (from the HBO series “Rome”) Here is an interesting article on the coins associated with January’s namesake, the two-faced god Janus. https://www.ngccoin.com/news/article/12468/ngc-ancients-janus/ Janus symbolized change or transitions, as well as presiding over gates and doors. The two-headed god can see into the past with one face and into the future with the other. Unlike most other Roman deities, however, there is no Greek counterpart. Roman’s believed that his blessings were important for the success of any new endeavor, from war to agricultural. http://romanpagan.blogspot.com/2016/02/18th-century-herm-of-janus.html?m=1

The B-52’s produced this memorable song with an ancient theme:

There have been previous threads on the Chedworth Roman Villa before. There was some suggestion that the structure had been created and in active use in the fifth century AD (see posts below). More precise radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples have shown that “the mosaic was determined to have a median construction date most likely set in 480s AD.” This late date of construction confirms the belief that there was an active and thriving RomanoBritish community despite Rome’s official withdrawal from Britain around AD 410. https://bnnbreaking.com/world/uk/chedworth-roman-villa-discovery-challenges-conventional-understanding-of-post-roman-britain/

Very interesting. The fact that none of the fragments were curved, however, makes me think a column was unlikely.

An extensive water system has been uncovered in the ancient Byzantine city of Dara (in the Mardin Province of Turkey). Dara was an important fortress city on the border with the Sassanid Empire, playing an important role in the Byzantine-Sassanid conflicts of the sixth and seventh century AD. https://www.dailysabah.com/turkiye/1500-year-old-roman-era-well-unearthed-in-turkiyes-mardin/news Location of the ancient city of Dara This short video shows some of the wonderful remains of Dara: