P.Clodius

Yeap, history is cyclical. There is no solution other than what TJ said, but ofcourse, that is not practical.

The post Norman invasion also had a period of separation enforced by William I.

I'm with all of the above, especially Moon. Great idealism, the kind I used to have, and now want back. I know you a little LW and you're creative and comp savvy...Moonlapse is pointing you in the right direction I reckon!

That's right, I only know of one or two who have studied classics in college, I certainly didn't! Just read man, read...It'll come of its own accord. I recommend reading rather than taking opinions of others as gospel. Welcome and goodluck

Yes, but he wore a skirt. So that made him look taller? No, it wasn't the skirt but the platform caligae that made him tower.

Yes, but he wore a skirt.

In regards to the bible, which has been often quoted here, I will not base my life on a collection of writings that were written over a period of time by people who thought god was angry when it thundered! Abortion. Who am I, as a man, to presume to legislate the female reproductive organs, or, who are you for that matter? As for homosexuals, I think the roman legions had it right with Fustuarium!

John Myrtha is a good politician!!! Wow you really are like those mother loving Liberals. You can't take anything seriously and don't see the blatant obvious issue here. Then again your logo is a jack***. By the way not only rich people are Republicans. I'm not rich and neither are most of my friends who are Republican. Your stereotyping is nonsense. My philosophy is based on morals and protection, something the Republicans have and something the Democrats lack. Where do I say John Myrtha is a good politician? I said he's done his time and can therefore talk about a subject you probably know little about. And where do I stereotype? You on the other hand...! Since when are YOUR morals better than mine? Your comment about my logo is lame, there again, why would I expect any different from you?

Tflex, if you don't earn $10,000,000 oer anum, why are you supporting the Republicans? And FYI, John Myrtha did his time in the US millitary, when he didn't have to either. He can talk, you can't...So blow it out your ass!

Interesting...You compare the worlds greatest politician against G.W. Bush. WAYYYYYY off mark! All administrations use media.. Tflex..You have issues

Shuttle Launch

...Telemarketers!

You'd flip dude, it took me forever to get used to and I've been here 15 years! Even now its annoying as hell. One extreme example is the Super Bowl. The game lasts 1 hour, they manage to drag it out for 4-5 hours because of all the stoppages and ad times. You're litterally subjected to 5 mins of advertisments every 3-4 mins....

Caesar's invasion of Britannia was a rousing sucess, as were ALL his ventures. I would have thought by now you'd have learned that MPC! Anglesey (island in NW Wales), was the Vatican of the Celts, the Britons were supplying aid to the conquered Gauls. Caesar's ventures were nothing less than a show of force/capabilty. "Behave, we can come here anytime we wish!"

I meant in term of buying players of course

FYI I'm probably old enough to be your dad. And like I say $$$ don't count in International football. You think any of those players you mentioned would sell his nationality to play for the US? This isn't gymnastics or tennis!!

As much as I wish to see my adopted homeland do well, and thus promote the sport of the world here, the US will be waiting a LOOOOOONNNG time before they get a chance in a final. Football is one sport where steriods and $$$$ don't reign supreme.

The French MUST be stopped at ANY cost. We need a traditional pre-battle prayer of the ancients to fortify Italia. Anyone? EDIT: Found a couple! "Three full centuries That kingdom will be ruled by Hector's race, Until the queen and priestess, Ilia, Pregnant by Mars, will bear twin sons to him. Afterward, happy in the tawny pelt His nurse, the she-wolf, wears, young Romulus Will take the leadership, build walls of Mars, And call by his own name his people Romans. For these I set no limits, world or time, But make a gift of empire without end. Juno, indeed, whose bitterness now fills With fear and torment the sea and earth and sky, Will mend her ways, and favor them as I do, Lords of the world, the toga-bearing Romans." Virgil "Janus, Jupiter, Father Mars, Quirinus, Bellona, Lares, New Gods, Native Gods, deities who have power over us and our enemies, and Gods of the Underworld: I supplicate and revere you, I seek your favor and beseech you, that you prosper the might and victory of the Roman people, the Quirites, and afflict the enemies of the Roman people, the Quirites, with terror, dread, and death. As I have pronounced the words, even so on behalf of the army, the legions, and auxiliaries of the Roman nation of Quirites, do I devote myself and with me the legions and auxiliaries of our enemies to the gods of the Underworld and to Earth." Livy

Yes, the 10th did fight at Thapsus and Munda, which were after the mutiny. I'll have to double check my source. Maybe he only decimated the 10th? Good catch. Here's what happened. They mutinied. Caesar had been in Egypt for a while and had just finished the 'Veni Vedi Vici' campaign when he returned to Italy, which had been in Antony's hands. Evidently Caesar's sojourn hadn't sat well with some, and it had allowed his enemies to consolidate centered around Cato and Scipio in North Africa, evidently another campaign was in order. Here's what T. A. Dodge says. It was nearly two years since Caesar had been in Rome when he again trod the sacred soil. It was time he should return. The Senate was his tool. He had been made dictator, and Antony was his magister equitum, so that the latter during his absence had exercised full sway. But Antony, though officially a good servant, had subjected himself to grave reproach for many breaches of decorum, legal, social and political, and there was widespread discontent. The legions that had fought in Gaul and Greece had not been paid. To be sure they had all agreed to trust Caesar for their largesses until the end of the war, but there was no doubt cause for complaint. The Second Legion refused to march to Sicily; others followed its example. Caesar arrived in the midst of all this tumult. He at once took measures to settle the difficulties. For a while his presence sufficed to restore quiet, but shortly a still graver trouble broke forth. The legions that were stationed near Rome mutinied, murdered a number of their officers, who had tried to appease them, siezed their eagles and marched on Rome. They had conceived the notion that Caesar could not continue in power without them; that they really were the fountain of authority; perhaps perhaps they flatterd themselves that they could gain greater rewards and more speedy payment by their threats. The old legions which had placed Caesar on the pinnacle of fame and power felt that they were, in a fashion, masters of the earth. Under Caesar's sole charge they were tractable and ready; under his lieutenants they had grown self-opinionated and overbearing. Their officers grew to fear them, and acts of violence even against these had become common. The luxury of Campania had done them more injury than all their campaigns, more than Livy alleges that sensuous Capua did to Hannibal's veterans. Grave danger was imminent. A spark mith light a fire in this body of combustble soldiers and inaugurate a reign of terror. Caesra, on learning of their approach, caused the gates of the city to be shut upon them and guarded by some cohorts Antony had at hand; but when the legionaries asked leave to assemble on Mars' field they were allowed to enter without helmets, breastplates or shields, but wearing each his sword. Disregarding the advice of his friends and scorning personal danger, Caesar at once went out to them, and, facing the turbulent, seething mass, asked their leaders what it was they desired. "We are covered with wounds," cried they, "we have been long enough dragged about the world, and have spilt sufficient of our blood. We ask our discharge." "I give it to you," replied Caesar, with chilly deliberateness. He then added that in a few weeks he was going on a new campaign, that he would defeat the enemy with new legions, and that when he returned and triumphed with a new army, they, the old ones, should have all the presents which had been promised them "on his triumph," and unpromised land besides. Expecting nothing less than that they would actually be discharged, and thus forfeit in the glories of Caesar's triumph, ---the one thing to which every Roman soldier looked cravingly forward,--- and awed by the cold demeanor of their great commander, the legionaries at once showed signs of weakening. As Caesar was about to go, the legates begged him to stay and say a few kind words to his veterans, who had shared so many dangers with him. Caesar turned to them again , and quietly addressed them as "Citizens!" (quirites) instead, as usual, as "Comrades!" (commilitones). "We are not citizens," they exclaimed, interrupting Caesar, "we are soldiers!" Their ancient devotion to the splendid chieftain who had so often led them to victory came welling up; the cutting word of quirites, to them who were soldiers first of all, and who had lost all pride in being burgesses of the Roman republic, in an instant changed the current of their purpose. A single word had conquered them whom arms could not; Caesar's indifference was their punishment. They could not bear that he should go to war with other troops. They crowded round him, and begged forgiveness and permission to continue in service and to accompany him withersoever he might go. Caesar, it is said, forgave all but the Tenth Legion, his old favorite, whose mutiny he could not condone. All the ringleaders had a third docked from their largesses, and he threatened to muster out the Tenth. But later the Tenth followed him to Africa, and there did its service as of yore. Still one sees in after days it was no more the Old Tenth of the times of the Gallic War. The accounts of the suppression of this mutiny do not strike one as being as dramatic as Arrian's story of Alexander's suppression of the mutiny of his Macedonians, which threatened to be of even graver danger. But as both are but embellished statements of an actual fact, they can scarcely be compared as a measure of the men themselves. And each case was characteristic. It was certainly a great role for one man to appear before and control scores of thousands by the mere force of his disain and his iron will.

Yes. First, Caesar disbanded all the troops, promised that the citizens would get what they were promised, but told them that they would have no share in the booty from the African campaigns. Then, when they howled that they wanted to be forgiven and have a chance for the loot, he accepted them, but left the 10th permanently disbanded. Thereafter, Caesar used the mutineers as cannon fodder so he didn't have to pay them anything. As you can see, troops and generals were oh-so-very loyal to each other. You are aware ofcourse that the 10th fought at Thapsus and Munda, battles fought after the incedent you indicate. Perhaps you're mistaken?

I was unaware Caesar disbanded the 10th. Are you refering to the Quirites incedent?