P.Clodius

You're missing a word or something here--this sentence is gibberish. Are we in school? Do we get grades?

Which acts? By killing Caesar, the Liberators were honoring the Lex Valeria de Provocatione of 509. Even if that person was a dictator? I don't think so.

From the hand of Cicero? Salve, amici! Welcome, AJ! After two millennia and many turns of peoples, countries and civilizations, we shouldn't be surprised that only 58/88 ciceronian speeches survived. We should be amazed that 66% (2/3) of his recorded speeches were able to get to us. All considered, an extraordinary score. One of the reasons might have been that his books were real best-sellers. Any ancient book reached us through myriad hands' rewriting and editing. For Cicero's works, his freedman MT Tiro was probably the first one. Most of Cicero's 'speeches' weren't actually speeches but pieces of post facto self glorification. Cicero tended to crap himself under pressure and his actual speeches reflected this. But still, I love Cicero all the same...

Didn't that happen with The Cunctator, Caesar and Julian? Not sure about Julian, and not so much with Fabius, his case was more of a "I know better" Master of Horse. It certainly did happen in Caesar's case at Thapsus and the post battle siege of Munda. Both of which were noted for their bloody, unclementia like conclusions. At Thapsus, Caesar (or Aulus Hirtius) reports, not that the soldiers demanded to be led into battle, but that the soldiers massacred the surrendering troops against orders while Caesar was suffering an epileptic fit. I touched upon it briefly during the review I did on Dodge's Caesar.

Didn't that happen with The Cunctator, Caesar and Julian? Not sure about Julian, and not so much with Fabius, his case was more of a "I know better" Master of Horse. It certainly did happen in Caesar's case at Thapsus and the post battle siege of Munda. Both of which were noted for their bloody, unclementia like conclusions.

Given the number of raw mistakes you make ... OK can't wait to be 'educated' on the "cesspool of Romulus"!

Given the number of raw mistakes you make ... OK can't wait to be educated on the "cesspool of Romulus"!

Wow. And his campaigns in Spain that are much admired and studied in military colleges the world over count for nothing? And these tattered remains led by the master strategist were maneuvered into an unfavourable position by whom?

Octavian was an Equestrian, or are those considered to be Plebian as well? Ie - Anything below a Patrician? I may be off mark here but isn't Equestrian rank based on your voting status according to the centuriate assembly? Quoting myself; Obviously it is derived from days past where a person was able to buy his own horse and armour, but was it an actual class of citizen in the plebian/patrician sense?

Thank you for bringing this feature back, I couldn't survive without it....

Was this through patronage or merit? How would a dirt farmer get the education to fill these posts? Octavian was a pleb, as was Pompei, and the Grachi bros...Plebs being all those who weren't patrician. Correct me if I'm wrong someone.

Plebs vastly outnumbered patricians among the magistrates. Far from the plebs having little recourse to elected office, they dominated political offices, the law courts, and the military. I stand corrected Democracy was in no way part of the roman system of government. Think of it as some skewed form of proportional representation. 1) The Senate had no legislative power, it was strictly an advisory body. 2) There were 4 assemblies, 1 of which was purly traditional in nature, derived from the time of the kings. a) Curiate Assembly. People organized into Curiae, by 100BC was attended by representatives of officials, people didn't bother to be present. Centuriate Assembly. Voting weight was based on wealth, membership to a century was organized by the censors according to wealth and organized as follows; There were a total of 193 votes, once a majority was reached voting stopped. 18 centuries of Equites. 5 classes of Pedites. The first class of which carried a votive weight of 70, the other 4 a collective weight of 100. Capite Censi, that is those who own nothing and have little or no financial means carried a votive weight of 1 c) Tribal Assembly of the Plebs. No patricians were allowed and was convened by the tribunes, those being the only officials who could address the assembly. Organized into 35 voting blocks. Issued plebiscitia, had the right of veto. d) Tribal Assembly of the People. Same as the Tribal Assembly of the Plebs but patricians could be present, consuls, praetors, etc could address. All the assemblies were convened by an official, no right of free speech only officials could speak and were convened to vote on a piece of legislation only.

Yes. Google a subject on ancient Rome and 8 times out of 10 UNRV will be close to the top of the page, after wikipedia. Wikipedia often sites UNRV as a source.

OK I'll fix it

Its hosted externally, is that still a problem?

Where'd the "View by Member Name" go to, that's how I tend to keep up on things by watching what's being read!

If you have problems viewing, go to "FILE" then "SAVE AS" in Acrobat.

Livy, et al may come to light someday!

Found a bunch of cuneiform to english translations. There maybe ziggurat info in some of these.

Labienus freebee

An excerpt from Baker's Augustus on the inclusion of Cicero.

Here's some latin...

While I'm not a fan of Cato and his 20 odd cronies you have to put him/them in context. The political system had become so polarized by factions it had become relatively difficult to govern and a dissenting voice is necessary to check dominance. Was Cato part of the problem? Yes. Was he the cause of the problem? No. His significance in the grand scheme of things is overestimated thanks to men like Cicero. Cato IMO is over-lauded.