Gaius Octavius

BINGO!

I read that book an age ago. I don't think that L-H either denigrated or detracted from anyone. Remember that Scipio gained an empire while his nation was in great peril; Napoleon lost one. That is not to say that Napoleon was not a great general. Were it not for Scipio, the West might possibly be the East today. Scipio had a grand strategy and used tactics to deny Hannibal his source of re-supply; to engage Hannibal on his (Scipio's) terms; and to cut the enemy off at its head (Zama). Who else could L-H have cited aside from Polybius and Livy? I believe that the review reflects more the prejudices of the reviewer than a critique of the book.

...who took sanctuary there.

Oh!, dear! Who is going to volunteer to tell Virgil and Schliemann? Pravda? Sounds more like :horse: to me.

What about races? But Templeton said this extinction never happened and a combination of movement and interbreeding meant diversification of races didn't occur. "We really have to abandon the idea of race. It actually does not reflect the genetic differences we can now measure in an objective fashion." Templeton said the differences between human populations today were based on geography not genetics. This meant a Norwegian would be more closely related than a Fijian to someone from sub-Saharan Africa. "We do see differences in different regions of the world but the best indicator of those differences is simply geographical distance and not things like skin colour." Templeton said his data was inconclusive on whether interbreeding also occurred with Neanderthals. But he said there was fossil evidence that this probably occurred, which would imply a bit of Neanderthal could live on in us all. Australian geneticist Associate Professor Philip Batterham from the University of Melbourne said the research showed humanity was far more closely related that previously thought and that race was a cultural phenomenon. -------------------------------------------------0----------------------------------------------------- I get the odd feeling that the above is not an accurate rendition of the procedings. To me, some statements seem to contradict each other. Sometimes we dig a little too deep looking for the answer when it actually is right on the surface. Why is 'race' a four letter (dirty) word? We see 'race' every day. It's a fact; politically correct or not.

"The Education of Julius Caesar - A Biography, A Reconstruction"; Arthur D. Kahn; Shocken Books, New York; 1986.

Thanks for filling in the gaps. The sultan rode into the Church and :horse: .

Oddly enough, the Turks referred to their territory as 'Rum', i.e., Rome. They in their turn considered themselves successors to the Roman Empire (not the mis-named Greek or Byzantine Empire). The mouth of the ________ was secured by a chain (two?). The sultan circumvented the chain by having the ships that appeared on the northerly side of the City dragged over the land north of the ______. The cannon referred to above were first offered (for sale) to Constantine by a Hungarian. Constantine refused, and the Hungarian then sold them to the sultan. I believe that their were Christian troopers in the sultan's army. After the City was taken, the sultan rode into Sancta Sophia on a white horse and despoiled the Church.

Byzantium was the name of the town on which Constantine built the Queen of Cities. It was western European commentators who coined the terms 'Byzantine' and 'Byzantium' when referring to the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. Personally, I feel that the Forum should not distinguish (and thus encourage the use of these terms) between East and West with these terms. The laws of both parts applied to each part. How did each part refer to the other in their times? Or, did they distinguish at all? I feel that the adjective has gained currency and may be used as such, i.e., 'the Byzantine Chinese government'; but the noun should only be used when referring to the original town.

You are following the proper course of the cursus honorum. After serving as an aedile, you've been elected to quaestor. Should you prove capable in your role of supervising the treasury, you may find yourself standing for election to praetor and even, dare we say it... Consul! Aha! At last! The ultimate object of Caius' quest! He gets to get his paws on the gold! Ship the check book in. Gaius promises to take very, very good care of the loot. (But, see his introductory blog. ) Yet, how did MPC vote? Did he approve? Caius must know! He won't rest until someone rats on MPC. Consul? Interesting! The Quaestor authorizes PP to dare. Does that mean that Gaius can have & :mummy: heaved from the Tarpeian Rocks or strangled? :nopity: Gods no... Amen...that'll get me quaking in my sandals... & Jealousy will get you nowhere!

The image you provided doesn't show the opening, nonetheless, I did a bit of research and found other images here and here that show that the snail had a sizeable opening. So, I guess my initial idea was not correct. Delicious menu! Now you know some of what I eat on Christmas Eve (Vigile d' Natale) And Christmas Day (Natale). Don't make necklaces though. Too :drunk: !

Ack...Hellenic isn't my strength...but... The Early Indo-European Languages Online site at U.Texas I don't know how useful this is, but that's all I got. Sorry! :wub: Thank you so very much for your Christmas present. Going to enjoy it for a very long time. I will always try to credit you when I cite the site. Hope that Quintus and Philhellene see this.

Actually, RW, I was addressing your Post #23. Nonetheless, you are right about content.

All of a sudden I am a Quaestor! What's that? Is that better than the last thing I was? Is this going to cost me money? Whoever did it to me, did you clear it with MPC?

Quintus, scratch the curse phrase, seems you are a little too young to hear such things. Your parents wouldn't approve. Ditto with the Lambrusco. Don't want to be hauled before the magistrates for impairing the morals of a minor. Try this: http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/greek/

First the Crusaders in the 12th(?) century. Got themselves kicked out. Then the Turks captured it. The City fell to Mehmed II Fatih two and one half hours after dawn on Tuesday, May 29, 6961* (1453 A.D.). The Queen of Cities lasted 1,143 years, 10 months and 4 days. Constatine XI Dragazes Palaeologus probably was killed defending the St. Romanus Gate. His body has never found. * Years from the Beginning of the World. ----------------------- The people of Constantinople considered themselves, and were, Romans - Romanoi, not Greeks. As for your second question, my memory is shaky. There was a Despot, Thomas(?), and another John(?)who held small chunks of land. The Empire of Trabazond (located on the southerly shore of the Black Sea in Turkey near Georgia), survived for a while, with the indulgence of the sultan and probably a little help from Venice and Genoa. One of my besotted brain cells tells me that it may have lasted (technically) until about 1750 A.D. Many of the educated Romans fled to Florence and other parts of Italy and were employed by the local aristocrats. They were (perhaps) the major impetus for the Renaissance. The Imperial Family is said to have fled to London and presently there is a supposed 'heir' to the Empire living there.

Will try to find an open site for you. When My Lord of the Greeks, Pantagathus :notworthy:, returns from a bout with Bacchus, he will be of service. :drunk: DocofLove 1974(?) :wub:, when this gets to la-la land, will also be of service - after she recovers from her Ramos Fizzes. :drunk: PM = private message, as in the 'pm' under your identification box to the left of your post. Will send you one now.

Sorry, sorry! It wasn't Don Camillo! It was the Communist mayor of their town in northern Italy. The two always split a bottle of Lambrusco together. A great wine with fizz and not very expensive.

I didn't want to ruin your Latin thread with: "God blesses those who speak Latin." - Don Camillo, in Giovanni Guareschi's books. FY further I: God speaks Latin; lives in the Vatican and has a nice plate of lasagna with the Pope on Sunday after Mass! I can teach you a curse phrase in Greek (phonetically), if you like. Via PM, of course. Thanks for the compliment. :notworthy:

Give this a whirl: http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~econrad/lang/latin.html and http://www.englishpage.com/index.html and http://www.kypros.org/LearnGreek/

Give this a try: http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~econrad/lang/latin.html

This thread is almost what I wanted for 'Academia'. It is going along smoothly. Hopefully, some qualified member will consolidate and edit it and submit it for inclusion under the "Military" heading of the 'Home' page.

Ml. Are you on track now? Poor WW, I hope that I didn't ruin his day! He's probably a 16 year old kid! Has a lot on the ball.

The medieval knights, who had the long swords, did not - generally - stab or duel with them. A little too heavy for that. They swung them around, with both hands, slashing at the enemy.

I'll give you a different site where you can pick from "Other Resources', one of which I posted earlier. http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~econrad/lang/latin.html