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    By the 1st century BC, the gladiatorial games were becoming more and more common as a form of entertainment (and mob distraction). As the political system of the Republic unraveled in the late to mid 1st century, hosting gladiator games were a near essential way for politicians to gain enough popularity for election. With the mass influx of slaves from provincial conquests, the numbers of these combatants soared. It was typical for large schools to house many gladiators either in training or for permanent residence. One such school in Capua became the scene of one of the most potent slave revolts in history. Spartacus was the gladiator who led it.

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    The most recent addition to the Late Roman Republic chapter, Marcus Licinius Crassus, takes a brief look at one member of the first Triumvirate and his rise to prominence. Continuation of the story will appear in sections on Spartacus and Julius Caesar.
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    As Sertorius, continued to create problems for the Romans in Spain, the Senate sent there most accomplished young general. Pompey in Spain highlights the campaign of Pompey against the brilliant Sertorius. While Pompey's success paled in comparison to the enemy, Spain proved a vital learning ground for future operations.
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    As the Republic slipped into its final Decline, one last bastion of Marian resistance to the post Sulla government remained. Sertorius and Spain was the focus of the Roman military in the 70's BC.
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    Decline of the Roman Republic
     
    After the death of Sulla in 78 BC, additional and expected power grabs were the result. Unpopular while he was still alive, Sulla?s reforms went under immediate attack without fear of reprisal. Political turmoil was once again the call of the day and various personalities emerged from the restraints of Sulla?s power. Among these leading men were his former supporters such as M. Aemilius Lepidus, Q. Lutatius Catulus and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Other men who opposed Sulla, such as Sertorius in Spain figured prominently as well. Two men however, rose above them all. Marcus Tullius Cicero rose to prominence by becoming arguably the most gifted orator and politician in the history of the world, while another, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, stood above them all as the leading personality before Caesar.
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    With his victory in the Civil War, Sulla took complete control of Rome. Sulla the Dictator instituted a blood path of his political enemies, and ruled in a reign of terror. Constitutional reform and the passage of laws put ultimate authority back in the hands of the Roman Senate, but in the climate of the Late Republic, any measures were proven to be short lived.
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    Continuing our brief series on Roman Medicine, two more pages have been added. Roman Drugs and Pharmaceuticals takes a brief look at the medicines available to the Romans and how they used them. Roman Hospitals provides a historical function of the hospital in the ancient world.
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    A second march on Rome touched off Sulla's Civil War. As Cinna?s death reverberated throughout the Roman world, Sulla realized his opportunity to take full advantage. In 83 BC Sulla prepared his 5 legions and left the 2 originally under Fimbria to maintain peace in Asia Minor. In the spring of that year, Sulla crossed the Adriatic with a large fleet from Patrae, near Corinth, to Brundisium and Tarentum in the heel of Italy.
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    Our Roman Medicine section continues...
     
    One form of surgery in ancient Rome was the Caesarean Section childbirth procedure. A common misconception is that Julius Caesar himself was born under this procedure, but that is completely without merit....
     
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