Caesar returned to Rome in 73 BC as a member of the college of Pontiffs and immediately began working on his political career. He lived well beyond his means, and started down a course of extravagance, both for political gain and personal pleasure. From expensive slaves to collectible arts, Caesar spared no expense in creating an image of an elite member of Roman society. Within a year he was elected as a military tribune.
After Sulla pardoned Caesar, he still thought it a wise idea to avoid potentially falling back into disfavor. Caesar, at 20 years old, left Rome for Asia in 80 BC. He next joined the staff of the Asian governor, Praetor Marcus Minucius Thermus, and got an advance start on his military and political career. While in service to Thermus, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to King Nicomedes IV of Bithynia with the purpose of raising a fleet...
As part of the Literature section, we've begun adding information regarding Roman Writers.. These pages, for now, are really reference points to find available works by the various authors, but may be updated into full biographies in the future.
Listed so far:
Ammianus Marcellinus
Appian
Arrian
Caesar
Cato the Elder
Catullus
Cicero
In addition, we are happy to present another community submitted book review. Forum member pompeius magnus prepared a review of Cicero: the Life and Times of Rome's Greatest Politician by Anthony Everitt. Thanks pompeius... hope it proves helpful.
As Julius Caesar aged into his Early Years, the political climate of Rome was in turmoil. By 88 BC, the rivalry between Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla was heating into open civil war. Attempts by Marius supporters to overturn Sulla?s command against Mithridates VI of Pontus, prompted Sulla?s subsequent march on Rome. Sulla took control of the city by force, and many of Marius? supporters were put to the sword. Caesar, despite his relation to Marius, was still a boy and for the time being, was excused from any potential danger.
Western interest in the mountainous and coastal region of modern Turkey came with the conflicts between the Hellenistic World and the Persian Empire. Alexander the Great first brought western influence with his conquest in 333 BC but while this influence was lasting, Macedonian control was not. Upon Alexander?s death 10 years later in 323 BC, the Macedonian conquests disintegrated into factional kingdoms under the rule of his generals, and Cilicia was no different.
The Fall of the Republic chapter begins with a detailed look at the life of Gaius Julius Caesar. One of the most influential leaders in history, the career of Caesar shaped the History of Rome and the world. This 'biographical' review of Caesar will be displayed in many parts, detailing his early life, political career, conquest of Gaul, the civil wars, and his lasting effect.
In this chapter, the Fall of the Roman Republic the lives and impact of Caesar, Octavian, Antonius (Antony) and even Cleopatra, along with the continuing stories of men like Pompey, Crassus and Cicero will be examined. The Fall of the Republic was more than a single man or event. It was a culmination of several individual actions or achievements, coupled with social conditions that weighed heavily on Roman society. Additionally, massive and rapid expansion from Rome?s foundation as a fledgling city 700 years earlier until the mid 1st century BC, created monumental holes in the political and governing ability of the Senate. Periods of stability were mixed in with those of near collapse while powerful generals or inciters of the Roman mob jockeyed for position.
A nemesis to Cicero and a key political figure in the 60?s BC was L. Sergius Catilina. Like Crassus, Cataline profited enormously from the proscriptions of Sulla during his dictatorship, but Cataline was notorious for his brutality and unlawful methods. While a definite villain of the Late Republican period, he was also the victim of Cicero?s eloquent attacks, which certainly did little to commend him either with his ancient peers or in modern review...
The latest addition to our Roman Province section is Aegyptus. The history of Egypt from the conquest of Alexander through the Ptolemic Dynasty and the emergence of direct Roman rule is covered.
Marcus Tullius Cicero was born in 106 BC, hailing from a local equestrian family in Arpinum. Both Cicero and Pompey, who became associates at a very young age, struggled to detach themselves from the Marian clan that was in the foremost position in the region. While both followed the footsteps of Marius to become novus homo (new men) in the Roman Senate, they did so in completely different fashion. Pompey, of course, chose the military route, paying little regard to the traditional steps of the political ladder (cursus honorum). Cicero, on the other hand, was the idyllic Republican conservative. From the moment he arrived in Rome, his career was spent adhering to strict principals of Senatorial conservatism....