Hops (Humulus lupulus)
Here is the key element to Pantagathus's discursions on "modern" beers.
Beware though-Oestrogenic substances of unknown structure are present-too much and you may become Effeminate! the worst of Roman demeanours. Also of course Hops are the "protestant" additive in ales-displacing the "catholic" gruit combination of psychoactives-hence one behaves with more somnolent decorum.
Sedative, tranquiliser, hypnotic (sleep inducing! no you cry ! can this be true?) and aromatic bitter.The hop is strongly antimicrobial , hence its wholehearted adoption for brewing.Fresh hops contain 2-methyllbut-3-ene-ol the key chemical for knocking you out, how much survives commercial processing will depend on initial quality and brewers inclination.The range of constituent chemicals has a very wide variable range, so proper choice of a quality ,fresh , correctly handled product is essential.
Interestingly I see that the medicinal dose for a standardised Fluid Extract of Hops is considerably less than many other "everyday" herbs.
Check my blog on sacred beer -entry no3 and the cross reference to Pantagathus' own site and essay.
The Hop is dioecious, i.e. male and female flowers are on separate plants. The male flowers are in loose bunches or panicles, 3 to 5 inches long. The female flowers are in leafy cone-like catkins, called strobiles. When fully developed, the strobiles are about 1 1/4 inch long, oblong in shape and rounded, consisting of a number of overlapping, yellowish-green bracts, attached to a separate axis. If these leafy organs are removed, the axis will be seen to be hairy and to have a little zigzag course. Each of the bracts enfolds at the base a small fruit (achene), both fruit and bract being sprinkled with yellow translucent glands, which appear as a granular substance. Much of the value of Hops depends on the abundance of this powdery substance, which contains 10 per cent of Lupulin, the bitter principle to which Hops owe much of their tonic properties
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